Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by abnormal airways secretions, chronic endobronchial infection, and progressive airway obstruction. In Portugal is estimated 30–40 born children with CF per year. The prognosis of CF has changed over the last decade, death in childhood is now rare, and children born today are likely to have a mean life expectancy of over 40–50 years. An understanding of the psychiatric aspects of CF is more important than ever.

Review published and referenced scientific articles on MedLine/PubMed.

Researchers found CF can affect the patient and their family in many ways. Physical and social restrictions, the rigorous medical regimen, hospital admissions, concerns about illness, and uncertainties of the future can create anxiety and depression in patients and parent alike. They also may have problems with interpersonal relationships resulting in isolation and social maladjustment. Some studies also reported an increased risk of develop an insecure attachment and less adapted eating behaviors. The essential responsibilities of psychiatrist are: evaluating the psychiatric effects of living with CF, comprehensive assessment and intervention when emotional, behavioural and psychological difficulties arise and providing support.

Awareness of types of emotional strain experienced by these children and their families can be of use to avert potential problems which may seriously impair therapeutic effectiveness and the patient's well being. Management requires an interdisciplinary team to maximise longevity and quality of life. All patients and their families must be offered the opportunity to meet with a Child and adolescents psychiatrist.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.