International treatment guidelines recommend that key elements to reduce the burden of psychosis are the early identification of people and the adoption of specific evidence based interventions.

To investigate the pathway to care and patterns of interventions provided by community based-mental health services (CMHS) to a cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients over 5-years period, exploring in which degree guidelines are met in routine clinical practice.

Study conducted in the context of the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS), a multisite naturalistic research conducted in the Veneto Region (Italy) on FEP patients in a 4.6 million inhabitants catchment area. A comprehensive set of standardized measures was used, including ad hoc schedules to collect information on referrals to psychiatric services and on pharmacological and psycho-social treatments according to a multiwave follow-up design (1-, 2- and 5 years).

Three hundred and ninety-seven FEP patients were assessed at BL, 286 at 1 year, 233 at 2 years and 205 at 5 years. 47.4% of patients were helped to seek care by a relative and more than one half entered the treatment route through an emergency access. Regarding the interventions received, 96% of patients had been prescribed neuroleptics and atypical were the most prescribed class (66.9%). Only half received a psychosocial intervention during the first year and this percentage progressively decreased at each FU.

Findings highlight discrepancies between interventions provided by CMHS and the best treatment options recommended by guidelines, suggesting the need to implement specific initiatives aiming to close the gap between research and clinical practice.