While there is some research that shows personal and psychological factors to be linked to disease-avoidant behaviour and attitudes in the time of Covid-19, this research is however mixed and inconsistent (i.e., some studies report a link and others do not).

In this study we clarify whether demographic and psychological factors specifically predict vaccination willingness and attitudes using Machine learning of a global survey sample from 137 countries (N = 24 000).

Random forest machine learning algorithm was used to identify the strongest predictors of vaccination willingness and attitudes, while regression trees were developed to identify individuals at greater risk for anti-vaccination attitudes.

Conspiratorial thinking and lack of trust in experts were associated with vaccination attitudes and willingness.

The findings underscore the role of conspiratorial beliefs in shaping the uptake of non-pharmacological and pharmacological novel pandemic protective measures.

None Declared