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Features of the spectrum of immune markers in patients with juvenile depression with clinically high risk of psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2024

S. A. Zozulya*
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
M. A. Omelchenko
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
I. N. Otman
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
Z. V. Sarmanova
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
V. V. Migalina
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
V. G. Kaleda
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
T. P. Klyushnik
Affiliation:
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Identification of biomarkers associated with the risk of psychosis manifestation in juvenile patients with depression may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of mental disorders and early diagnosis.

Objectives

To determine the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory indicators in the plasma of juvenile patients with depression and clinically high risk of psychosis, and to study the correlation of these markers with the severity of psychopathologic symptoms.

Methods

80 young men aged 16-24 years with the first depressive episode (F32.1-2, F32.38, F32.8) were examined. Based on the severity of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in the structure of depression according to the SOPS scale, all patients were divided into two groups - with clinically high risk of psychosis (n=58) and with depression without APS (n=22). The HDRS-21 and SANS scales were also used for psychometric assessment. Serum level of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α/IL-6 ratio, TNF-α/IL-10 ratio, leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, and the level of autoantibodies to S-100B protein were determined.

Results

Both groups of patients showed a high level of inflammation assessed by LE and α1-PI activity (p>0.05). Significantly higher level of IL-6 (p=0.03), CRP concentration (p=0.026) and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (p=0.032) were found in patients with clinically high risk of psychosis. This group was also characterised by high level of autoantibodies to the S-100B protein compared to patients with depression without APS (p=0.048).

In the high clinical risk group, correlations were found between the SOPS positive subscale score and the level of TNF-α (R=0.32, p=0.017), IL-8 (R=-0.3, p=0.034), TNF-α/IL-6 ratio (R=0.30, p=0.021) and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (R=0.32, p=0.014). The SOPS negative subscale score correlated with CRP concentration (R=0.3, p=0.043). The SOPS total score correlated with TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (R=0.31, p=0.021). In this group of patients, the level of IL-10 was found to correlate with the duration of the disease (R=0.48, p<0.001). In patients with depression without APS, the level of IL-6 was correlated with the severity of depression according to the HDRS scale, and the level of TNF-α was associated with the duration of the depressive episode (R=0.51, p=0.029).

Conclusions

The obtained results confirm the involvement of inflammation in the development of juvenile depression. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the spectrum of immune markers and the cytokine profile, and correlations with the severity of psychopathologic symptoms were revealed in patients with clinically high risk of psychosis.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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