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Embitterment in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

D. Sabic  and
A. Sabic
D. Sabic
Affiliation:
Psychiatric association of Bosnia-Herzegovina, health centre Zivinice, TuzlaBosniaHerzegovina
A. Sabic
Affiliation:
Health centre Zivinice, family medicine, TuzlaBosniaHerzegovina

Abstract

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The aim of this study was to analyse frequency of embitterment in war veterans with Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as the potential impact of embitterment on the development of chronic PTSD.

Patients and methods

It was analyzed 174 subjects (from Health Center Zivinice/mental health center) through a survey conducted in the period from March 2015 to June 2016, of which 87 war veterans with PTSD and control subjects 87 war veterans without PTSD. The primary outcome measure was the post-traumatic embitterment disorder self-rating scale (PTED Scale) who contains 19 items designed to assess features of embitterment reactions to negative life events. Secondary efficacy measures included the clinician-administered PTSD scale–V (CAPS), the PTSD checklist (PCL), the combat exposure scale (CES), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and the World health organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-Bref). All subjects were male. The average age of patients in the group war veterans with PTSD was 52.78 ± 5.99. In the control group, average age was 51.42 ± 5.98. Statistical data were analyzed in SPSS statistical program.

Results

Comparing the results, t-tests revealed significant difference between group veterans with PTSD and control group (t = −21,21, P < 0.0001). War veterans group with PTSD (X = 51.41, SD = 8,91), control group (X = 14.39, SD = 13.61).

Conclusion

Embitterment is frequent in war veterans with PTSD.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Keywords

EmbittermentPosttraumatic embitterment disorderPosttraumatic stress disorderWar veteransBitterness
Type
e-Poster Walk: Posttraumatic stress disorder; Women, gender and mental health
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 41 , Issue S1: Abstract of the 25th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2017 , pp. S359 - S360
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2017
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