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The effect of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism on adolescent and adult ADHD symptoms and educational attainment: A longitudinal study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

E. Kiive  and
J. Harro
E. Kiive*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, 50410, Estonia
J. Harro
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, 50410, Estonia
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +372 7 375 908; fax: +372 7 375 900. E-mail address:[email protected] (E. Kiive).
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Abstract

Introduction:

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR genotype, symptoms of ADHD in adolescence and adulthood, and educational attainment in a population representative sample. Neuroticism, depressive symptoms and general mental abilities were controlled for as possible confounding factors.

Methods:

ADHD symptoms were reported at age 15 and 18 by teachers using the Hyperactivity Scale of af Klinteberg and SNAP-IV, and self-reported at age 25 using the ASRS. Data about education were reported at age 25.

Results:

At age 15, subjects with the l/l genotype had more concentration difficulties compared to s-allele carriers, and they also had more inattention symptoms according to SNAP-IV at age 18. These results were not altered by taking neuroticism or depressive symptoms into account. No 5-HTTLPR genotype effect on self-reported ADHD symptoms at age 25 was found. Inattention symptoms in adolescence were associated with lower education in young adulthood. The proportion of subjects with higher education at age 25 was significantly larger among s/s genotype compared to the l/l or s/l genotype.

Conclusions:

The l/l genotype of the 5-HTTLPR is associated with inattentive symptoms during adolescence in the general population, and increases the likelihood of inferior educational level in young adulthood.

Keywords

ADHD symptoms5-HTTLPREducationNeuroticismLongitudinal study
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 28 , Issue 6 , August 2013 , pp. 372 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association

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