Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:45:41.134Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differentiation of adoptees at high versus low genetic risk for schizophrenia by adjusted MMPI indices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Virva Siira ,
Karl-Erik Wahlberg ,
Jouko Miettunen ,
Pekka Tienari  and
Kristian Làksy
Virva Siira*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014Oulu, Finland
Karl-Erik Wahlberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014Oulu, Finland
Jouko Miettunen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014Oulu, Finland
Pekka Tienari
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014Oulu, Finland
Kristian Làksy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014Oulu, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (V. Siira).
Get access

Abstract

The aim of this study was to find potential signs of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The differences between adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia (their biological mother had a schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and control adoptees of non-schizophrenia spectrum biological mothers were assessed. The comparisons between these groups were based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test's subscale scores adjusted by gender, age at MMPI assessment, age at placement into the adoptive family and social class. The subjects were a subsamples of a total of 182 tested adoptees and 136 mentally healthy adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study. The high-risk group was found to be distinguishable from the low-risk group based on deviant scores on the Hostility, Hypomania and Lie scales. These scales may measure genetic vulnerability and also possibly be indicative of psychometric deviance predicting future onset of schizophrenia.

Keywords

SchizophreniaMMPIDemographic variablesAdoption studyHigh-risk study
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , June 2006 , pp. 245 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1987.Google Scholar
Amminger, GP, Pape, S, Rock, D, Roberts, SA, Squires-Wheeler, E, Kestenbaum, Cet al.The New York High-Risk Project: comorbidity for axis I disorders are preceded by childhood behavioral disturbance. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2000;188:751–756.10.1097/00005053-200011000-00005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bland, MAn introduction to medical statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995.Google Scholar
Bolinskey, PK, Gottesman, II, Nichols, DS, Shapiro, BM, Roberts, SA, Adamo, UHet al.A new MMPI-derived indicator of liability to develop schizophrenia: evidence from the New York high-risk project. Assessment 2001;8:127–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, JW, Parnas, J, Cannon, TD, Schulsinger, F, Mednick, SAMMPI variables predictive of schizophrenia in the Copenhagen High-Risk Project: a 25-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1999;99:432–440.10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00989.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornblatt, BA, Obuchowski, M, Roberts, S, Pollack, S, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LCognitive and behavioral precursors of schizophrenia. Dev. Psychopathol. 1999;11:487–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curran, PJ, West, SG, Finch, JFThe robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychol. Methods 1996;1:16–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlstrom, WG, Welsh, GS, Dahlstrom, LAn MMPI handbook, volume 1, clinical interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; 1982.Google Scholar
Davis, WEAge and the discriminative “power” of the MMPI with schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1972;38:151.10.1037/h0032424CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eichman, WJDiscrimination of female schizophrenics with configural analysis of the MMPI profile. J. Consult. Psychol. 1959;23:442–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LNeurobehavioral deficits in offspring of schizophrenic parents: liability indicators and predictors of illness. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2000;97:65–71.10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(200021)97:1<65::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-V3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LEarly neurobehavioral deficits as phenotypic indicators of the schizophrenia genotype and predictors of later psychosis. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 2001;105:23–24.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, AF, Webb, JT, Lewak, RPsychological assessment with the MMPI. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1989.Google Scholar
Golden, RR, Meehl, PEDetection of the schizoid taxon with MMPI indicators. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1979;88:217–233.10.1037/0021-843X.88.3.217CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodson, JH, King, GDA clinical and actuarial study on the validity of the Goldberg index for the MMPI. J. Clin. Psychol. 1976;32:328–335.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottesman, II, Shields, JSchizophrenia and genetics: a twin study vantage point. San Diego: Academic Press; 1972.Google Scholar
Gottesman, IIComplications to the complex inheritance of schizophrenia. Clin. Genet. 1994;46:116–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greene, RLThe MMPI: an interpretive manual. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1980.Google Scholar
Grove, WMPsychometric detection of schizotypy. Psychol. Bull. 1982;92(1):27–38.10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haier, RJ, Rosenthal, D, Wender, PHMMPI assessment of psychopathology in adopted-away offspring of schizophrenics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1978;35:171–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanson, DR, Gottesman, II, Heston, LLSome possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children of schizophrenics. Br. J. Psychiatry 1976;129:142–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnstone, EC, Abukmeil, SS, Byrne, M, Clafferty, R, Grant, E, Hodges, Aet al.Edinburgh High Risk Study: findings after 4-year: demographic, attainment and psychopathological issues. Schizophr. Res. 2000;46:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendler, KS, O’Neil, FA, Burke, J, Murphy, B, Duke, F, Straub, REet al.Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families: field methods and power to detect linkage. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 1996;67:179–190.10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960409)67:2<179::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-N3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendler, KS, Myers, JM, O’Neill, FA, Martin, R, Murphy, B, MacLean, CJet al.Clinical features of schizophrenia and linkage to chromosomes 5q, 6p, 8p, and 10p in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:402–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kugelmass, S, Faber, N, Ingraham, LJ, Frenkel, E, Nathan, M, Mirsky, AFet al.Reanalysis of SCOR and anxiety measures in the Israeli High-Risk Study. Schizophr. Bull. 1995;21:205–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacCrimmon, DJ, Cleghorn, JM, Asarnow, RF, Steffy, RAChildren at risk for schizophrenia: clinical and attentional characteristics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1980;37:671–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullagh, P, Nelder, JPGeneralized linear models. 2nd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metsänen, M, Wahlberg, K.-E., Saarento, O, Tarvainen, T, Miettunen, J, Koistinen, Pet al.Early presence of thought disorder as a prospective sign of mental disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2004;125:193–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, TW, Paciello, RADiscriminative dimension of the MMPI as a function of age and psychopathology. J. Clin. Psychol. 1980;36:758–759.3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minnesota Veterans Administration Hospital-MMPI Research Laboratory. An atlas for the P-code system of MMPI interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: Veterans’ Administration Hospital; 1975.Google Scholar
Moldin, SO, Gottesman, II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LPsychometric validation of psychiatric diagnoses in the New York high-risk study. Psychiatry Res. 1987;22:159–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moldin, SO, Gottesman, II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LSearching for the psychometric boundaries of schizophrenia: evidence from the New York high-risk study. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1987;96:354–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moldin, SO, Gottesman, II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L, Cornblatt, BAPsychometric deviance in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: I. Initial delineation of a distinct subgroup. Psychiatry Res. 1990;32:297–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moldin, SO, Rice, JP, Gottesman, II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LPsychometric deviance in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: II. resolving heterogeneity through admixture analysis. Psychiatry Res. 1990;32:311–322.10.1016/0165-1781(90)90036-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moldin, SO, Rice, JP, Gottesman, II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, LTransmission of a psychometric indicator for liability to schizophrenia in normal families. Genet. Epidemiol. 1990;7:163–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newmark, CS, Gentry, L, Simpson, M, Jones, TMMPI criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia. J. Pers. Assess. 1978;42:366–373.10.1207/s15327752jpa4204_6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newmark, CS, Gentry, L, Whitt, JKUtility of MMPI indices of schizophrenia with adolescents. J. Clin. Psychol. 1983;39:170–172.10.1002/1097-4679(198303)39:2<170::AID-JCLP2270390204>3.0.CO;2-03.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newmark, CS, Jones, MT, McKee, DC, Simpson, M, Boren, RB, Prillaman, KUsing discriminant function analysis with clinical, demographic, and historical variables to diagnose schizophrenia. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 1980;53:365–374.10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02564.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newmark, CS, Hutchins, TCAge and MMPI indices of schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychol. 1980;36:768–769.10.1002/1097-4679(198007)36:3<768::AID-JCLP2270360330>3.0.CO;2-G3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nuechterlein, KHVulnerability models for schizophrenia: state of the art In: Häfner, H, Gattaz, WF, Janzarik, W editors. Search for the causes of schizophrenia. Giessen: Springer-Verlag; 1987. p. 297–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuechterlein, KH, Dawson, MEA heuristic vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenic episodes. Schizophr. Bull. 1984;10:300–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olin, SS, John, RS, Mednic, SAAssessing the predictive value of teacher reports in a high risk sample for schizophrenia: a ROC analysis. Schizophr. Res. 1995;16:53–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, ADevelopment of MMPI scales based on a reference group of psychiatric patients. Psychol. Monogr. 1962;76:1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, DGenetic theory and abnormal behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1970.Google Scholar
Siira, V, Wahlberg, K.-E., Miettunen, J, Läksy, K, Tienari, PPsychometric deviance measured by MMPI in adoptees at high risk for schizophrenia and their adoptive controls. J. Pers. Assess. 2004;83(1):14–21.10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_02CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sillitti, JMMPI-derived indicators of organic brain dysfunction. J. Clin. Psychol. 1982;38:601–605.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistics Finland. 17. Helsinki: The Center of Statistics; 1983.Google Scholar
Tienari, P, Sorri, A, Lahti, I, Naarala, M, Wahlberg, K.-E., Moring, Jet al.Genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia: the Finnish Adoptive Family Study. Schizophr. Bull. 1987;13:477–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tienari, P, Wynne, LC, Moring, J, Läksy, K, Nieminen, P, Sorri, Aet al.Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia: sample selection and adoptee DSM-III-R diagnoses. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2000;101:433–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tienari, P, Wynne, LC, Sorri, A, Lahti, I, Läksy, K, Moring, Jet al.Genotype–environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 2004;184:216–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tienari, P, Wynne, LC, Läksy, K, Moring, J, Nieminen, P, Sorri, Aet al.Genetic boundaries of the schizophrenia spectrum: evidence from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003;160:1587–1594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walters, GDThe MMPI and schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr. Bull. 1983;9:226–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walters, GDSchizophrenia. In: Greene, RL editor. The MMPI: use with specific populations. Philadelphia: Grune and Stratton; 1988. p. 50–73.Google Scholar
Watson, CGAn MMPI scale to separate braindamaged from schizophrenic men. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1971;36:121–125.10.1037/h0030490CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watt, NFPatterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1978;35(2):160–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wauck, IASchizophrenia and the MMPI. J. Clin. Psychol. 1950;6:279–284.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiggins, JSSubstantive dimensions of self-report in the MMPI item pool. Psychol. Monogr. 1966;80:1–42 (Whole No. 630).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zubin, J, Spring, BVulnerability—a new view of schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1977;86:103–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zubin, J, Steinhauer, SR, Day, R, van Kammen, DPSchizophrenia at the crossroads: a blueprint for the 80s. Compr. Psychiatry 1985;26:217–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.