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The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with co-morbid depression, anxiety and social dysfunction in untreated veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

Supported by The Greenslopes Private Hospital Research Foundation, Australia, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and the Adele C. Smithers-Fornaci and Christopher D. Smithers Foundation, United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Bruce R. Lawford ,
Ross Young ,
Ernest P. Noble ,
Burnett Kann  and
Terry Ritchie
Bruce R. Lawford
Affiliation:
Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Qld., Australia Alcohol Research Centre, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Ross Young
Affiliation:
Alcohol Research Centre, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Carseldine, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
Ernest P. Noble*
Affiliation:
Alcohol Research Centre, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Burnett Kann
Affiliation:
Nambour Hospital, Nambour, Qld., Australia
Terry Ritchie
Affiliation:
Alcohol Research Centre, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*
⁎Corresponding author. Present address: Pike Professor of Alcohol Studies, Alcohol Research Centre, Neuropsychiartric Institute (NPI), UCLA, Westwood, CA 90024, USA. E-mail address: [email protected] (E.P. Noble).
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Abstract

Objective.

To identify clusters of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to symptom profile and to examine the association of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene with these clusters.

Method.

Fifty-seven untreated Caucasian Vietnam veterans with PTSD were administered the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ) and the Mississippi Scale for combat-related PTSD. DRD2 allelic status was determined by PCR.

Results.

Subjects with the DRD2 Al allele compared to those without this allele had significantly higher scores on GHQ 2 (anxiety/insomnia), GHQ 3 (social dysfunction) and GHQ 4 (depression). Cluster analysis of the GHQ data identified two primary groups. A high psychopathology cluster (cluster 3), featured by high co-morbid levels of somatic concerns, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depression, and a low psychopathology cluster (cluster 1), manifested by the reverse pattern. Scores in each of the four GHQ groups were significantly higher in cluster 3 than cluster 1, as was Mississippi Scale PTSD score. DRD2 A1 allele veterans compared to those without this allele were significantly more likely to be found in the high than the low psychopathology cluster group.

Conclusions.

DRD2 variants are associated with severe co-morbid psychopathology in PTSD subjects.

Keywords

PTSDDRD2 polymorphismAnxietyDepressionSocial dysfunction
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , April 2006 , pp. 180 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

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