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Clozapine-induced myocarditis: a case report and literature review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

I. Angélico Ferreira*
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Psychiatry, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
M.A. González Fé
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Psychiatry, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
M.D.M. Marqués Pastor
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Psychiatry, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
C. Roset
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Psychiatry, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
L. Torres
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Psychiatry, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

We present the case of a male patient, 47 years old, diagnosed with schizophrenia, that was admitted at our hospital presenting a confusional state, with agitation, motor discoordination and difficulty breathing. At the blood analyses there was evidence of an increase in cardiac enzymes. The clinical manifestations had begun 5 days before, with slight leucocytosis showing in a routine blood test made after initiating clozapine, followed by fever, vomiting and progressive impairment of general clinical state.

Objectives

To describe a case of clozapine-induced myocarditis, which is a known, but rare, side effect of clozapine and to do a brief review of the existing knowledge on this matter.

Methods

The authors undertook an article review using PubMed database and a thorough analysis of the clinical case.

Results

The hypothesis of clozapine-induced myocarditis was the main diagnosis considered since the beginning, nevertheless, a thorough clinical examination and complementary tests were made and all the previous psychopharmacological treatment was suspended. The final diagnosis was based on the clinical presentation (fever, vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion and impairment of general state), the elevation of CRP, PCT and TnI and findings on echocardiogram that suggested myocarditis (moderate systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle due to global hypokinesia and a non dilated left ventricle).

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations observed, the results of the complementary diagnostic tests and the review of the existing literature, allowed to make the diagnosis of clozapine-induced myocarditis. We find of considerable importance to continue to publish and study this matter as it is still insufficiently known.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Type
Abstract
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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