Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T11:26:53.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2015

P. Gooding ,
N. Tarrier ,
G. Dunn ,
J. Shaw ,
Y. Awenat ,
F. Ulph  and
D. Pratt
P. Gooding*
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
N. Tarrier
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
G. Dunn
Affiliation:
Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
J. Shaw
Affiliation:
Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Y. Awenat
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
F. Ulph
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
D. Pratt
Affiliation:
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK Manchester Mental Health and Social Care NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
*
⁎Corresponding author at: School of Psychological Sciences, Coupland Building 1, University of Manchester, UK M13 9PL. E-mail address:[email protected] (P. Gooding).
Get access

Abstract

Background

Research is sparse which examines pathways to suicide, and resilience to suicide, in people who are particularly vulnerable to suicide, for example, prison inmates. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which perceptions of self-esteem and coping ability interacted with defeat and entrapment to both amplify suicidal thoughts and feelings, and to act as a buffer against suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Methods

Participants were 65 male prisoners at high risk of suicide. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used. Questionnaire measures of depression, defeat, entrapment, self-esteem, coping ability and suicidal probability were administered.

Results

For the hopelessness component of the suicide probability measure, high levels of coping ability together with low levels of defeat resulted in the lowest levels of suicidality indicative of a resilience factor. In contrast, low levels of coping skills together with high levels of entrapment were a high risk factor for this hopelessness component of suicide. This pattern of results pertained when controlling for depression levels.

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine interactions between defeat, entrapment and appraisals of self-esteem and coping ability. Therapeutic interventions would benefit from boosting perceptions and appraisals of coping ability, in particular, in people who are at high risk for suicide.

Keywords

SuicidePrisonersDefeatEntrapmentCoping skillsMental illness
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue 8 , November 2015 , pp. 988 - 994
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiken, L.S.West, S.G.Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. London: Sage; 1991.Google Scholar
Beck, A.T.Steer, R.A.Brown, G.K.BDI-II manual. 2nd ed.San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace and Company; 1996.Google Scholar
Bhar, S.Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M.Brown, G.Beck, A.T.. Self-esteem and suicide ideation in psychiatric outpatients. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2008;38(5):511–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blankstein, K.R.Lumley, C.H.Crawford, A.. Perfectionism, hopelessness, and suicide ideation: revisions to diathesis-stress and specific vulnerability models. J Rational Emotive Cogn Behav Ther 2007;25:279–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryan, C.J.Hernandez, A.M.. The functions of social support as protective factors for suicidal ideation in a sample of air force personnel. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013;43(5):562–573.Google Scholar
CDC. Centers for disease control and prevention: morbidity and mortality weekly report 2012. 2012. [Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6101a6.htm?s_cid=mm6101a6_w; cited 2014 8-08-2014].Google Scholar
Chapman, A.L.Specht, M.W.Cellucci, T.. Factors associated with suicide attempts in female inmates: the hegemony of hopelessness. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2005;35(5):558–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatard, A.Selimbegovic, L.Konan, P.N.D.. Self-esteem and suicide rates in 55 nations. Eur J Pers 2009;23(1):19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cull, J.Gill, W.Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 1988.Google Scholar
Dawson, J.. Moderation in management research: what, why, when and how. J Bus Psychol 2014;29:1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J.Richter, A.. Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: development and application of a slope difference test. J Appl Psychol 2006;91:917–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Man, A.F.Gutierrez, B.I.B.. The relationship between level of self-esteem and suicidal ideation with stability of self-esteem as moderator. Can J Behav Sci 2002;34(4):235–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endler, N.S.Parker, J.D.A.. Multidimensional assessment of coping: a critical evaluation. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;58(5):844–854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
EU. Death due to suicide by gender. 2012.Google Scholar
Fazel, S.Baillargeon, J.. The health of prisoners. Lancet 2011;377(9769):956–965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, S.Cartwright, J.Norman-Nott, A.Hawton, K.. Suicide in prisoners: a systematic review of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69(11):1721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, S.Grann, M.Kling, B.Hawton, K.. Prison suicide in 12 countries: an ecological study of 861 suicides during 2003–2007. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011;46:191–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, A.Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage publications; 2005.Google Scholar
Gilbert, P.Allan, S.. The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: an exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychol Med 1998;28:585–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haw, C.Hawton, K.Casey, D.. Deliberate self-harm patients of no fixed abode – A study of characteristics and subsequent deaths in patients presenting to a general hospital. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006;41(11):918–925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawton, K.Comabella, C.C.I.Haw, C.Saunders, K.. Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2013;147(1–3):17–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ireland, J.L.York, C.. Exploring application of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behaviour to self-injurious behaviour among women prisoners: proposing a new model of understanding. Int J Law Psychiatry 2012;35(1):70–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, J.Wood, A.M.Gooding, P.Taylor, P.J.Tarrier, N.. Resilience to suicidality: the buffering hypothesis. Clin Psychol Rev 2011;31(4):563–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Josepho, S.A.Plutchik, R.. Stress, coping, and suicide risk in psychiatric-inpatients. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1994;24(1):48–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Kidd, S.A.Carroll, M.R.. Coping and suicidality among homeless youth. J Adolesc 2007;30(2):283–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleiman, E.M.Riskind, J.H.. Utilized social support and self-esteem mediate the relationship between perceived social support and suicide ideation. A test of a multiple mediator model crisis. Crisis 2013;34(1):42–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R.S.Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1966.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Z.Solomon, Z.Ginzburg, K.. Suicidal ideation among young adults: effects of perceived social support, self-esteem, and adjustment. J Loss Trauma 2005;10:163–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebling, A.Maruna, S.The effects of imprisonment. Oregon: Willan; 2005.Google Scholar
Marusic, A.Goodwin, R.D.. Suicidal and deliberate self-harm ideation among patients with physical illness: the role of coping styles. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2006;36(3):323–328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, H.Jenkins, R.Singleton, N.Charlton, J.Yar, M.Non-fatal suicidal behaviour among prisoners. UK: London: Statistics OfN; 1999.Google Scholar
MOJ. Management of prisoners at risk of harm to self, to others and from others (Safer Custody). 2012. [Available from: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/./psi./psi-64-2011-safer-custody.doc; cited 2015 20 August].Google Scholar
Morgan, V.A.Waterreus, A.Jablensky, A.Mackinnon, A.McGrath, J.J.Carr, V., et al.People living with psychotic illness in 2010: the second Australian national survey of psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2012;46(8):735–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mruk, C.Self-esteem: research, theory, and practice: towards a positive psychology of self-esteem. New York: Springer Publishing; 1995.Google Scholar
O’Connor, R.C.Cassidy, C.. Predicting hopelessness: the interaction between optimism/pessimism and specific future expectancies. Cogn Emotion 2007;21(3):596–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opitz-Welke, A.Bennefeld-Kersten, K.Konrad, N.Welke, J.. Prison suicides in Germany from 2000 to 2011. Int J Law Psychiatry 2013;36(5–6):386–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, C.J.. Suicide attempt history, self-esteem, and suicide risk in a sample of 116 depressed voluntary inpatients. Psychol Rep 2004;95(3):1092–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pompili, M.Gonda, X.Serafini, G.Innamorati, M.Sher, L.Amore, M., et al.Epidemiology of suicide in bipolar disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Bipolar Disord 2013;15(5):457–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pratt, D.Tarrier, N.Dunn, G.Awenat, Y.Shaw, J.Ulph, F., et al.Cognitive behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: an exploratory randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, T.Elliott, P.Roberts, R.. The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2013;33(8):1148–1162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rivlin, A.Hawton, K.Marzano, L.Fazel, S.. Psychosocial characteristics and social networks of suicidal prisoners: towards a model of suicidal behaviour in detention. Plos One 2013;8(7).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, P.. Development of a new self-report questionnaire to measure self-esteem. Psychol Med 1989;19(2):513–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharaf, A.Y.Thompson, E.A.Walsh, E.. Protective effects of self-esteem and family support on suicide risk behaviors among at-risk adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2009;22(3):160–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarrier, N.Taylor, K.Gooding, P.. Cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce suicide behavior. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Modif 2008;32(1):77–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarrier, N.Gooding, P.Pratt, D.Kelly, J.Awenat, Y.Maxwell, J.Cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a treatment manual. London, UK: Routledge; 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrier, N.Kelly, J.Maqsood, S.Snelson, N.Maxwell, J.Law, H., et al.The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophr Res 2014;156(2–3):204–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, P.J.Gooding, P.Wood, A.M.Tarrier, N.The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide. Psychol Bull 2011;137(3):391–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilke, D.J.Predicting suicide ideation for substance users: the role of self-esteem, abstinence, and attendance at 12-step meetings. Addict Res Theory 2004;12:231–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J.Grabiner, V.E.Zhou, Y.Li, N.Suicidal ideation and its correlates in prisoners. A comparative study in China Crisis 2010;31(6):335–342.Google ScholarPubMed
Zhang, J.Liang, B.Zhou, Y.Brame, W.Prison inmates’ suicidal ideation in China: a study of gender differences and their impact. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2010;54(6):959–983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.