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Association between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood and schizophrenia later in adulthood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

S. Dalsgaard ,
P.B. Mortensen ,
M. Frydenberg ,
C.M. Maibing ,
M. Nordentoft  and
P.H. Thomsen
S. Dalsgaard*
Affiliation:
National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
P.B. Mortensen
Affiliation:
National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
M. Frydenberg
Affiliation:
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
C.M. Maibing
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
M. Nordentoft
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
P.H. Thomsen
Affiliation:
Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author. National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, Building K, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark. Tel.: +45 24 41 37 87. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Dalsgaard).
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Abstract

Purpose:

To estimate the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood among children and adolescents with ADHD compared to the background population.

Subjects/materials and methods:

Two hundred and eight youths with ADHD (183 boys; 25 girls) were followed prospectively. Diagnoses of schizophrenia were obtained from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. The relative risk (RR) of schizophrenia for cases with ADHD, compared to the normal population, was calculated as risk ratios. Hazard ratios (HR's) by Cox regression were calculated in the predictor analyses.

Results:

Mean age for ADHD cases at follow-up was 31.1 years. Schizophrenia diagnoses were given to 3.8% of these cases. Compared to the general population, RR of schizophrenia in cases with ADHD was 4.3 (95% CI 1.9–8.57).

Discussion and conclusion:

This prospective follow-up study found children with ADHD to be at higher risk of later schizophrenia than controls. If replicated, these results warrant increased focus on the possible emergence symptoms of schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis during clinical follow-up of patients with ADHD.

Keywords

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)SchizophreniaPsychotic disordersMethylphenidatePrevalencePharmacoepidemiology
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , May 2014 , pp. 259 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2014

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