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Trastornos psicopatológicos depresivos y experiencias infantiles adversas en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Mario Speranza ,
Frederic Atger ,
Maurice Corcos ,
Gwenolé Loas ,
Olivier Guilbaud ,
Phillipe Stéphan ,
Fernando Pérez-Díaz ,
Olivier Halfon ,
Jean Luc Venisse  and
Paul Bizouard
...Show all authors
Mario Speranza
Affiliation:
“Centro Hospitalario de Versalles, Servicio de Paidopsiquiatría, Le Chesnay, Francia Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia
Frederic Atger
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia
Maurice Corcos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia
Gwenolé Loas
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia Servicio Hospitalario Universitario de Psiquiatría, Hospital Pinel, Amiens, Francia
Olivier Guilbaud
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia
Phillipe Stéphan
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Lausana, Suiza
Fernando Pérez-Díaz
Affiliation:
CNRS, UMR 7593, Hospital de la Salpétriére, París, Francia
Olivier Halfon
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Lausana, Suiza
Jean Luc Venisse
Affiliation:
Unidad de Adicciones, Hospital Saint-Jacques, Nantes, Francia
Paul Bizouard
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, Francia
François Lang
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Francia
Martine Flament
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia CNRS, UMR 7593, Hospital de la Salpétriére, París, Francia
Philippe Jeammet
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Adolescente, Instituto Mutualista Montsouris, París, Francia
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Resumen

Propósito.

El propósito de este artículo era investigar la especificidad diagnóstica de las experiencias depresivas de autocrítica y dependencia en una muestra clínica de pacientes con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y explorar el impacto de las experiencias infantiles adversas en estas dimensiones de la personalidad.

Método.

Se evaluó a una muestra de 94 pacientes anoréxicas y 61 bulímicas que cumplían los criterios del DSM-IV y 236 controles emparejados con el Cuestionario de Experiencias Depresivas (DEQ), la versión abreviada del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) y el Inventario de Acontecimientos Vitales de la AMDP. Se excluyó de la muestra a los sujetos que presentaban depresión mayor o trastorno adictivo comórbido utilizando la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (MINI).

Resultados.

Las pacientes anoréxicas y bulímicas mostraron puntuaciones más altas que los controles en las subescalas tanto de autocrítica como de dependencia del DEQ. Las pacientes bulímicas puntuaron significativamente más alto que las anoréxicas en autocrítica y comunicaron más experiencias infantiles adversas. Por último, los acontecimientos vitales negativos correlacionaban sólo con la autocrítica en la muestra entera.

Discusión.

Las diferencias en Autocrítica del DEQ entre anoréxicas y bulímicas no se podían explicar por la depresión, ya que las pacientes bulímicas no mostraron niveles más altos en el BDI comparado con las anoréxicas, y no se encontró que los síntomas depresivos medidos con el BDI fueran predictores significativos del agrupamiento diagnóstic en una regresión múltiple logística.

Conclusión.

Este estudio apoya la especificidad diagnóstica de las dimensiones depresivas de dependencia y autocrítica en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y refuerza investigaciones previas sobre el papel de las experiencias tempranas en el desarrollo de estos trastornos.

Keywords

AutocríticaDependenciaDepresiónTrastornos de la Conducta AlimentariaAcontecimientos vitales
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , March 2004 , pp. 77 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2004

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