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Patrones cognitivos en los subtipos de la esquizofrenia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Propósito:
A causa de la heterogeneidad de la esquizofrenia, este estudio investigó los diferentes patrones cognitivos en los distintos subtipos de pacientes esquizofrénicos.
Métodos:
Se incluyó a 35 pacientes esquizofrénicos según el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico IV (DSM-IV) y a 35 controles sanos. Se clasificó a los pacientes en los subtipos de déficit, desorganizado y positivo con el Inventario para el Síndrome de Déficit (SDS) y la Escala de los Síndromes Positivo y Negativo (PANSS). Las funciones ejecutivas/atencionales se evaluaron con el Test de Clasificación de Tarjetas Modificado (MCST), un test de fluidez verbal, el Test de Realización de Pistas (TMT) y el Test de Colores-Palabras de Stroop (Test de Stroop). La memoria episódica se exploró por medio del Test de Aprendizaje Verbal de California (CVLT).
Resultados:
El subtipo positivo rendía en el rango normal en algunas pruebas ejecutivas/atencionales (los test de fluidez y de Stroop) y mnésicas, lo que indica la conservación de buenas destrezas cognitivas. Por contraste, los subtipos de déficit y desorganizado tenían disfunciones mnésicas y ejecutivas/atencionales importantes comparado con los sujetos sanos. El subtipo de déficit comparado con el grupo de control rindió predominantemente peor en el MCST y en fluidez, mientras que el subtipo desorganizado tenía las puntuaciones más bajas en el TMT y el Test de Stroop.
Conclusión:
Este estudio mostró patrones cognitivos distintos en los pacientes con síndrome de déficit, desorganizado y positivo en comparación con los controles, lo que hace pensar en una disfunción cognitiva heterogénea en la esquizofrenia.
Keywords
- Type
- Artículo Original
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2002
Footnotes
BrazoP, MariéRM, HalbecqI, BenaliK, SegardL, DelamillieureP, Langlois-ThéryS, Van Der ElstA, ThibautF, PetitM, DollfusS. Patrones cognitivos en los subtipos de la esquizofrenia. Eur Psychiatry2002; 17: 155–62.
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