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Necesidad irresistible y otras características de la comorbilidad de la dependencia de alcohol y nicotina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Inés Hertling ,
Katrin Ramskogler ,
Alexander Dvorak ,
Antón Klingler ,
Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz ,
Rudolf Schoberberger ,
Henriette Walter ,
Michael Kunze  and
Otto Michael Lesch
Inés Hertling
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
Katrin Ramskogler
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
Alexander Dvorak
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
Antón Klingler
Affiliation:
Theoretical Surgery Unit, Schoepfstrasse 41, A-6020Innsbruck, Austria
Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
Rudolf Schoberberger
Affiliation:
Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidad de Viena, Rooseveltplatz 3, A-1090, Viena, Austria
Henriette Walter
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
Michael Kunze
Affiliation:
Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidad de Viena, Rooseveltplatz 3, A-1090, Viena, Austria
Otto Michael Lesch
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Médica de Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090Viena, Austria
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Resumen

Propósito

En este estudio transversal comparamos a fumadores dependientes de alcohol y fumadores no dependientes de alcohol con respecto a la intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina, las situaciones de necesidad irresistible, las perturbaciones del sueño, la comorbilidad con depresión mayor, las razones para fumar, las enfermedades somáticas acompañantes y la abstinencia prolongada de los pacientes del tabaco durante los 3 años que precedieron al estudio.

Sujetos y métodos

Se estudió a 51 fumadores dependientes de alcohol y 327 fumadores no dependientes de alcohol con diagnóstico de dependencia de la nicotina de la CIE-10 y el DSM-IV por medio del Test de Fagerström para Dependencia de Nicotina, el Cuestionario de Necesidad Irresistible-Riesgo de Recurrencia de Lübeck y la Tipología de Dependencia de Alcohol de Lesch (adaptadas ambas al tabaquismo).

Resultados

La intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina era más alta en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol comparado con los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol. Unas cuantas variables de todos los factores de necesidad irresistible (“estado de ánimo depresivo”, “estimulación”, “relajación”, “tensión provocada socialmente”) aumentaban significativamente en los pacientes dependientes de alcohol (P < 0,05). Los fumadores dependientes de alcohol mostraban síntomas depresivos y perturbaciones del sueño, mientras que los individuos no dependientes de alcohol fumaban sobre todo para liberar estrés y controlar el peso.

Discusión

Nuestro estudio demuestra que la intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina, varias situaciones de necesidad irresistible de nicotina, las perturbaciones del sueño y los síntomas de depresión parecen aumentar en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol comparado con los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol.

Conclusiones

Se espera que los factores de necesidad irresistible y las razones para fumar identificadas en este estudio contribuyan a una comprensión mejor de la tentación de fumar en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol y en los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol en el futuro.

Keywords

FumarNecesidad irresistibleNicotinaAlcoholCo-dependencia
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , April 2006 , pp. 123 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

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References

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