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Marcadores biológicos para la conducta suicida en la dependencia del alcohol
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Las poblaciones dependientes del alcohol tienen una elevada tasa de suicidio vital (entre un 7% y un 15%, riesgo relativo = 7), y el alcoholismo es uno de los dos trastornos psiquiátricos encontrados con más frecuencia en los casos de suicidio (entre el 15% y el 25%). Así, los factores biológicos que detectaran a los pacientes en situación de riesgo podrían ser valiosos. La transferrina deficiente en carbohidratos, la monoaminooxidasa B, el receptor de interleucina 2 soluble y el colesterol se han propuesto como marcadores del riesgo de suicidio en los pacientes dependientes del alcohol, aunque son inespecíficos y tienen un valor predictivo bajo. Por otra parte, hay gran cantidad de datos convergentes que resaltan la importancia de la disrregulación de la serotonina al aumentar el riesgo de conducta agresiva hacia el yo, aunque no está claro si la serotonina está implicada por medio de la alteración del sistema de inhibición de la conducta, el aumento de la ansiedad y la depresión, o la asociación con subtipos específicos de dependencia del alcohol, como el alcoholismo de tipo II de comienzo temprano. Considerando el efecto complejo pero significativo del alcohol en el metabolismo y el recambio de la serotonina, es probable que ésta medie una gran parte de la propensión del etanol a comprometer la conducta impulsiva-agresiva.
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References
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