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Las dos dimensiones de la ansiedad: una confirmación utilizando un examen neuropsicológico informatizado del funcionamiento de la atención

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

J. P. Mialet ,
J. C. Bisserbe ,
A. Jacobs  and
H. G. Pope
J. P. Mialet
Affiliation:
61, boulevard des Invalides, París;
J. C. Bisserbe
Affiliation:
Inserm, Hospital de la Salpétriére, París;
A. Jacobs
Affiliation:
CRNS, Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Marseille cedex 20, Francia;
H. G. Pope
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Psiquiatría Biológica, Hospital McLean, Belmont, y Escuela Médica de Harvard, Boston, MA, EE.UU.
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Resumen

El propósito de este estudio era evaluar los efectos de la ansiedad sobre el funcionamiento de la atención con estímulos neutrales. Se estableció como sigue: se hizo una comparación cuádruple de la ansiedad de rasgo y de estado. Se incluyeron sesenta y dos estudiantes no graduados en el estudio, y se establecieron cuatro grupos de sujetos dividiendo por la mediana las puntuaciones obtenidas en el Inventario de la Ansiedad de Rasgo y de Estado de Spielberger (STAI): ansiedad de rasgo y de estado altas (N = 18); ansiedad de rasgo alta y ansiedad de estado baja (N = ll) ; ansiedad de rasgo y de estado bajas (N = 23) y ansiedad de rasgo baja y ansiedad de estado alta (N = 10). Se administró una batería informatizada de pruebas neuropsicológicas, la batería ACE, para proporcionar una evaluación multidimensional de la atención. La batería ACE comprende cinco pruebas que evalúan los aspectos siguientes de la atención: la capacidad para comprobar una tarea rutinaria; la preparación temporal; la detección visual; la amplitud de memoria, y la atención y memoria visual espacial. Los sujetos con ansiedad de estado alta mostraron deterioro en las funciones ejecutivas, manifestado por un nivel significativamente más alto de preparación motora en una tarea de tiempo de reacción (TR) simple y un intercambio de velocidad y precisión en una tarea de atención dividida; los sujetos con ansiedad de rasgo alta rindieron significativamente mejor en la tarea de detección visual. No se encontró interacción rasgo x estado. Se concluyó que la ansiedad de estado alta se asocia con alerta psicomotriz y la ansiedad de rasgo alta, con alerta perceptiva. Estas dos dimensiones de la ansiedad psicométrica parecen tener efectos sobre la atención que son independientes los unos de los otros y que se deberían analizar por separado en el futuro.

Keywords

ansiedad de rasgoansiedad de estadoexamen neuropsicológico informatizadoatenciónpreparación motoraalerta perceptiva
Type
Artículo Original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , May 1997 , pp. 240 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1997

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Footnotes

Mialet J.P, Bisserbe J.C, Jacobs A, Pope H.G. Two-dimensional anxiety: a confirmation using a computerized neuropsychological testing of atentional performance. Eur Psychiatry 1996; l l : 344-352

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