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La influencia de la comorbilidad en la prevalencia de la conducta suicida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Y. Lecrubier
Y. Lecrubier*
Affiliation:
Hospital de la Salpétriére, Pabellón Clérambault, 47, Boulevard de l'Hópital, 75651París, Cedex 13, Francia
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Resumen

La existencia de trastornos mentales es casi constante en los sujetos que tratan de quitarse la vida. Además, una mayoría de las personas que intentan suicidarse tiene más de un diagnóstico. Esto es especialmente cierto si se tienen en cuenta los trastornos subumbral del Eje II o el Eje I. La existencia de un trastorno explica en gran parte la asociación entre la mayoría de las variables socioeconómicas (sexo, matrimonio, nivel educativo) y la suicidalidad. Los trastornos depresivos son el factor de riesgo principal, riesgo asociado probablemente a un episodio actual justo antes del intento. La asociación con episodios depresivos de un trastorno de ansiedad o la existencia de rasgos impulsivos (trastorno de la personalidad del grupo B, abuso de drogas o ambos) aumenta el riesgo de actuación. La ideación suicida y los intentos de suicidio muestran curvas de comienzo paralelas con picos entre los 14-20 años de edad, con la existencia de un diagnóstico previo del DSM-III-R como un predictor poderoso. El número de trastornos asociados aumenta linealmente la probabilidad de intentar el suicidio y es el único predictor significativo de la mortalidad. Un tratamiento adecuado de los trastornos mentales podría reducir sustancialmente la suicidalidad.

Keywords

comorbilidaddiagnósticoimpulsividadpersonalidadsuicidio
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , March 2002 , pp. 90 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2002

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References

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