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Inhibición prepulso y “propensión a la psicosis” en individuos sanos: un estudio de RMf

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Veena Kumari ,
Elena Antonova  and
Mark A. Geyer
Veena Kumari
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología, P078, Instituto de Psiquiatría, King's College, De Crespigny Park, LondresSE5 8AF, Reino Unido
Elena Antonova
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología, P078, Instituto de Psiquiatría, King's College, De Crespigny Park, LondresSE5 8AF, Reino Unido
Mark A. Geyer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de California, CA, Estados Unidos
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Resumen

Objetivo.

La inhibición prepulso (IPP) de la respuesta de sobresalto es un índice eficaz de la regulación sensitivomotora que puede demostrarse de forma segura tanto en personas como en animales. Los pacientes con esquizofrenia, los familiares de primer grado de pacientes con esquizofrenia, los pacientes con trastorno de personalidad esquizotípica y los individuos sanos que tienen puntuaciones altas en las medidas psicométricas de propensión a la psicosis tienen una IPP reducida. Este estudio analizó las asociaciones entre las diferencias individuales en la “propensión a la psicosis” y la actividad cerebral durante un paradigma de inhibición prepulso táctil con el que previamente se había demostrado activación en los controles y falta de activación en pacientes con esquizofrenia en el estriado, tálamo, ínsula, hipocampo y regiones temporales, frontal inferior y parietal inferior.

Métodos.

Catorce hombres diestros sanos se sometieron a pruebas psicofisiológicas y de resonancia funcional magnética (RMf) durante un paradigma de IPP táctil de 15 minutos aplicando estímulos táctiles de pulso (soplos de aire de 30 psi durante 40 ms) y prepulso (soplos de aire de 6 psi durante 20 ms aplicados 30 ms o 120 ms antes del pulso). Las diferencias individuales en “la propensión a la psicosis” se evaluaron con la escala de Psicoticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck Revisado (EPQ-R).

Resultados.

La propensión elevada a la psicosis se asoció con una IPP más baja y menor actividad en la circunvolución frontal inferior, en la ínsula hacia el putamen y el tálamo, en la circunvolución parahipocámpica y en la región parietal inferior y temporal media. Ninguna actividad regional se correlacionó positivamente con la propensión a la psicosis.

Conclusiones.

Estas observaciones amplían las conclusiones extraídas previamente en personas con esquizofrenia con elevada propensión a la psicosis, lo que confirma las teorías del continuum de la psicosis con implicaciones para entender los déficit neurales relacionados con el rasgo en la esquizofrenia.

Keywords

Regulación del sobresaltoRMRasgoPsicoticismoEsquizofrenia
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 7 , October 2008 , pp. 339 - 346
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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