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Hacia la neuroanatomía del autismo: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios de resonancia magnética estructural

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Andrew C. Stanfield ,
Andrew M. McIntosh ,
Michael D. Spencer ,
Ruth Philip ,
Sonia Gaur  and
Stephen M. Laurie
Andrew C. Stanfield
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina Molecular y Clínica, Universidad de Edimburgo, Hospital Royal de Edimburgo, EH10 5HF, Reino Unido
Andrew M. McIntosh
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina Molecular y Clínica, Universidad de Edimburgo, Hospital Royal de Edimburgo, EH10 5HF, Reino Unido
Michael D. Spencer
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina Molecular y Clínica, Universidad de Edimburgo, Hospital Royal de Edimburgo, EH10 5HF, Reino Unido
Ruth Philip
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina Molecular y Clínica, Universidad de Edimburgo, Hospital Royal de Edimburgo, EH10 5HF, Reino Unido
Sonia Gaur
Affiliation:
2790 Skypark Drive, Suite 307, Torrance, CA90505, Estados Unidos
Stephen M. Laurie
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina Molecular y Clínica, Universidad de Edimburgo, Hospital Royal de Edimburgo, EH10 5HF, Reino Unido
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Resumen

Antecedentes.

En pacientes con autismo se han descrito anomalías estructurales cerebrales, pero los estudios realizados son de pequeño tamaño y contradictorios. Quisimos identificar qué regiones cerebrales de los pacientes con autismo pueden considerarse diferentes de las de los controles sanos.

Métodos.

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios de resonancia magnética del tamaño de diversas regiones cerebrales. Se recogieron datos y se combinaron por medio de un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios. Se investigaron los efectos sobre la variabilidad de la edad y del CI por medio de meta-regresión.

Resultados.

El cerebro completo, los hemisferios cerebrales, el cerebelo y el núcleo caudado tenían mayor volumen, pero el área del cuerpo calloso estaba reducida. La edad y el CI modificaron los lóbulos del vérmix cerebeloso VI-VII, y la edad, la amígdala.

Conclusiones.

El autismo podría deberse a anomalías de regiones específicas del cerebro y a una falta de integración global debida al aumento de tamaño del cerebro. Los resultados contradictorios en la literatura se deben en parte a la edad y al CI de las poblaciones del estudio. Algunas regiones muestran alteraciones de las trayectorias de crecimiento.

Keywords

AutismoRMMetaanálisis
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 7 , October 2008 , pp. 319 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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