Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T23:16:05.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Examen de la tipología del alcoholismo tipo I/tipo II en la población de tratamiento de un hospital griego

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Lefteris Lykourasa ,
George Moussas  and
Alexander Botsis
Lefteris Lykourasa
Affiliation:
Primer Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital General, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Atenas, Hospital “Attikon”, I, Rimini Street, 12410Atenas, Grecia
George Moussas
Affiliation:
Unidad de Rehabilitación de Pacientes Alcohólicos, Hospital Psiuiátrico de Atica, Atenas, Grecia
Alexander Botsis
Affiliation:
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Salud Mental, Atenas, Grecia
Get access

Resumen

Objetivo.

El estudio pretende examinar la validez de dos tipos de clasificación del alcoholismo masculino en una muestra de tratamiento de un hospital griego.

Método.

La población de estudio se extrajo de los pacientes varones con dependencia de alcohol ingresados en la Unidad de Tratamiento del Alcohol del Hospital Psiquiátrico de Atica. La muestra del estudio constaba de 73 pacientes después de la exclusión de los sujetos con dependencia de alcohol que sufrían de una enfermedad médica comórbida grave, trastorno esquizofrénico, trastorno bipolar, dependencia o abuso de drogas, trastorno mental orgánico o que eran analfabetos. Se agrupó a los alcohólicos en tipo I y tipo II adop-tando el criterio de edad de comienzo utilizado por von Knorring y cois. (1985). Se midió la impulsividad, el riesgo de suicidio y el ries-go de violencia por medio de la Escala de Control de los Impulsos (ICS), la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio (SRS) y la Escala de Sentimientos y Actos de Violencia Anteriores (PFAVS).

Resultados.

Se definió a 50 pacientes con dependencia de alcohol como de comienzo tardío y a 23 como de comienzo temprano. Com-parado con los pacientes de comienzo tardío, los individuos de comienzo temprano con dependencia de alcohol tenían más alcoholismo familiar (P = 0,032); una tasa más alta de ellos estaban solteros (P = 0,001), no tenían empleo estable antes de entrar en la unidad (P = 0,007) y puntuaban más alto en la ICS (P = 0,046) y la SRS (P = 0,024).

Conclusiones.

El presente estudio confirma la dicotomía tipo I/tipo II del alcoholismo masculino y muestra también que la edad de comienzo es un criterio de clasificación válido.

Keywords

AlcoholismoTipologíasEdad de comienzo
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 11 , Issue 7 , October 2004 , pp. 446 - 451
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1987 [revised].Google Scholar
Andreasen, NC, Endicott, J, Spitzer, RL, Winokur, G. The family history method using diagnostic criteria, reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:1229–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anthenelli, RM, Smith, TL, Irwin, MR, Schuckit, MA. A comparative study for subgrouping alcoholics: the primary-secondary diagnostic scheme versus variations of the type I/type II criteria. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1468–74.Google Scholar
Babor, TF, Lauerman, BJ. Classification and forms in sobriety: historical antecedents of alcoholic typologies. Recent Dev Alcohol 1986;4:113–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babor, F, Hofmann, M, Del Boca, FK, Hesselbrock, V, Meyer, RE, Dolinsky, ZS, et al.Types of alcoholics I. Evidence for an empirically derivad typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:599–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bau, CH, Spode, A, Ponso, AC, Ellas, EP, Garna, CE, Costa, FT, et al.Heterogeneity in early-onset alcoholism suggests a third group of alcoholics. Alcohol 2001;23:9–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, HT, Kaplan, RF.Neurophysiologies and neuropsychological concomitance of brain dysfunction in alcoholics. In: Meyer, RE, editor. Psychopathology and addicted disorders. New York: Gilford Press; 1986. p. 262–92.Google Scholar
Buydens-Branchey, L, Branchey, MH, Noumair, D. Age of alcoholism onset. I. Relationship to psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:225–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, CR, Bohman, M, Siqvardsson, S. Inheritance of alcohol abuse: cross-fostering analysis of adoptad men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:861–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, G, Gross, MM, Keller, M, Moser, J, Room, R.Alcohol-related disabilities. Geneva: WHO; 1977.Google Scholar
Evert, DL, Oscar-Berman, M. Alcohol-related cognitive impairments: an overview of how alcoholism muy affect the workings of the brain. Alcohol Health Res World 1995;19:89–96.Google Scholar
Eysenck, HL.The biological basis of personality. Springfield IL: Thomas; 1976.Google Scholar
Farren, LK, Dinan, TG. Alcoholism and typology: findings in an Irish: prívate hospital population. J Stud Alcohol 1996;57:249–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, WA, Nixon, SJ.Alcohol-induced brain damage. Rocvil, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Research Monograph 22); 1998.Google Scholar
ILO. International standard classifications of occupations: ISCO-88. Geneva: International Labour Office; 1990.Google Scholar
Irwin, M, Schuckit, M, Smith, TL. Clinical importance of age at onset in type I and type II primary alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:320–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezzich, A, Tarter, R, Kirisci, L, Clark, D, Buckstein, O, Martin, C. Subtypes of early-onset alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17:767–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modestin, J, Wiirmle, O. Two types classification of male alcoholism confirmed. Eur Psychiatry 1997;12:335–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morey, LC, Skianer, HA. Emprirically derivad classifications of alcohol-related problems. In: Galanter, M, editor. Recent Developments in alcoholism. New York: Plenum; 1986. p. 145–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, J, Langenbucher, J, Labouvil, E, Miller, KJ. The comorbidity of alchoholism and personality disorders in a clinical population: prevalence rates and relation to alcohol typology. J Abnorm Psychol 1997;106:74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penick, EC, Powell, BJ, Nickel, EJ, Read, MR, Gabrielli, WF, Liskow, BI. Examination of Cloninger’s type I and type II alcoholism with a sample of men alcoholics in treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990;14:623–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plutchik, R, van Praag, HM. The measurement of suicidally, aggres-sivity and impulsivity. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1989;13:523–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plutchik, R, van Praag, HM, Conte, HR. Correlates of suicide and violence risk: I. The suicide risk measure. Compr Psychiatry 1989;30:296–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plutchik, R, van Praag, HM. A self-report measure of violence risk. Compr Psychiatry 1990;31:450–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuckit, MA.Alcohol-related disorders. In: Sadock, BJ, Sadock, VA, editors. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, I. Philadelphia: Lipincott-Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 953–71.Google Scholar
Schuckit, MA, Irwin, R. An analysis of the clinical relevance of type and type II alcoholics. Br J Addiction 1989;84:869–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, S, Castellan, NJ.Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1988.Google Scholar
Spitzer, RL, Williams, JB, Gibbon, M.Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IIIR-personality disorders SCID-II. New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Department Institute; 1987.Google Scholar
Vailiant, GE. Evidente that the type I/type II dichotomy must be re-examinad in alcoholism. Addiction 1994;89:1049–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Knorring, A-L, Bohman, M, Knorring von, L, Oreland, L. Platelet MAO activity as a biological marker in subgroups of alcoholism. Acta PsychiatrScand 1985;72:51–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zucker, RA.The four alcoholisms: a developmental account of the etiologic process. In: Rivers, PC, editor. Alcohol and addictive behavior. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press; 1986. p. 27–83.Google Scholar