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Discinesias tardías y antipsicóticos: una revisión

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

P-M. Llorca ,
I. Chereau ,
F-J. Bayle  and
C. Lancon
P-M. Llorca
Affiliation:
C.M.P.B., C. H. U. Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, BP 69, 63003 , Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, Francia
I. Chereau
Affiliation:
C.M.P.B., C. H. U. Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, BP 69, 63003 , Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, Francia
F-J. Bayle
Affiliation:
Universidad París V, René Descartes y CH Santa Ana, Servicio Hospitalario Universitario 1, rue Cabanis, 75674 , París cedex, Francia
C. Lancon
Affiliation:
Hospital Santa Margarita, 270 boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 , Marsella, Francia
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Resumen

Actualmente, la discinesia tardía (DT) es un problema clínico importante. La prevalencia media se estima en un 30%. La aparición de antipsicóticos ha abierto nuevos caminos. El perfil extrapiramidal de estas moléculas es más favorable que el de los neurolépticos convencionales. Para evaluar su potencial tanto profiláctico como curativo, revisamos las publicaciones acerca de cuatro de estos antipsicóticos atípicos: clozapina, risperidona, olanzapina y amisulprida. La clozapina parece inducir menos casos de DT que los neurolépticos convencionales, y tiene un efecto terapéutico específico. Sin embargo, el riesgo de agranulocitosis reduce la posibilidad de utilización. La risperidona parece ser una terapia efectiva, pero varios autores comunican casos de DT durante el tratamiento. Además, se necesitan estudios mayores y seguimientos más largos para confirmar la eficacia de la olanzapina y la amisulprida. Se necesitan aún otros estudios y observaciones antes de extraer una conclusión para estas nuevas acciones antipsicóticas atípicas. Sin duda son prometedoras, pero no podemos ignorar la noción de riesgo-beneficio; el control regular y la escucha a la experiencia subjetiva de los pacientes deben figurar en primer lugar en la elección de la terapia.

Keywords

Antipsicóticos atípicosDiscinesias tardíasClozapinaRisperidonaOlanzapinaAmisulprida
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 9 , Issue 6 , September 2002 , pp. 359 - 369
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2002

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Footnotes

LlorcaP-M, ChereauI, BayleF-J, LanconC. Discinesias tardías y antipsicóticos: una revisiónEur Psychiatry2002; 17: 129-38.

References

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