Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T19:53:36.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dependencia del alcohol y orientación del rol de género

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

A.M. Moller-Leimkühler ,
R. Schwarzy ,
W. Burtscheidt  and
W. Gaebel
A.M. Moller-Leimkühler
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
R. Schwarzy
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
W. Burtscheidt
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
W. Gaebel
Affiliation:
departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Heinrich-Heine, Bergische Landstr. 2, D-40605Düsseidorf, Alemania
Get access

Resumen

Objetivo:

Se supone que el aumento global del alcoholismo femenino está asociado con el cambio del rol femenino tradicional, y se ve especialmente como consecuencia de la convergencia de los roles o los conflictos de los roles de género. El propósito del presente estudio piloto es explorar si el enfoque de la orientación del rol de género contribuiría de manera empíricamente útil a estas hipótesis.

Método:

Se exploró después de la destoxificación a 112 pacientes con dependencia del alcohol que cumplían los criterios del DSM-III-R; la orientación del rol de género se midió por una versión alemana del “Cuestionario de Atributos Personales Ampliado”, que clasifica la orientación del rol de género en cuatro subgrupos: masculino, femenino, andrógino e indiferenciado.

Resultados:

En comparación con una muestra basada en la población, hay diferencias significativas en la distribución de los cuatro subgrupos de orientación del rol de género, que muestran un predomino del autoconcepto indiferenciado en la muestra alcohólica (49%). Las mujeres alcohólicas se describen a sí mismas como más bien indiferenciadas, y más bien femeninas que masculinas. La masculinidad y la feminidad bajas, así como la feminidad alta, correlacionan positivamente con el sufrimiento, la depresividad, la ansiedad social, la inseguridad y los trastornos concomitantes de la personalidad.

Conclusión:

Nuestros datos no apoyan la hipótesis de la convergencia relacionada con la orientación del rol de género, pero apoyan el autoconcepto femenino tradicional como factor de riesgo inespecífico para la vulnerabilidad. Se debate la cuestión de si un autoconcepto indiferenciado podría ser un factor de riesgo específico para el alcoholismo.

Keywords

dependencia del alcoholfeminidadgéneroorientación del rol de géneromasculinidad
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , May 2002 , pp. 215 - 223

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Bem, SL.The measurement of psychological androgyny. J Consul Clin Psychol 1974;42:155-62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brems, CJohnson, MW.Problem-solving appraisal and coping style: the influence of sex-role orientation and gender. J Psychol 1989;123:187-94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burtscheidt, WSchwarz, RRedner, CGaebel, W.Verhalten-stherapeutische Verfahren in der ambulanten Behandlung von Alkoholabhangigen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1999;67:272-80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomak, SCollins, RL.Relationship between sex-role behaviors and alcohol consumption in undergraduate men and women. J Stud Alcohol 1987;48:194-201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conte, HRPlutchik, RPicard, S, et al.Sex differences in personality traits and coping styles of hospitalized alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1991;52:26-32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, EP.Psychological androgyny. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press, Inc.; 1985.Google Scholar
Cooper, MLRussel, IMSkinner, JB, et al.Stress and alcohol use: the moderating effects of gender, coping, and alcohol expectancies. J Abnom Psychol 092;101:139-52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derogatis, LR.SCL-90-R. Administration, scoring and procedures manual. Baltimore, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research; 1983.Google Scholar
Fahrenberg, JHampel, RSelg, H.Das Freiburger Persönlich-keitsinventar. 2. Aufl. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1973.Google Scholar
Gmel, GBloomfield, KAhlström, S, et al.Women’s roles and women’s drinking. Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems among women in European countries. Project Final Report. Berlin: Institute for Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Epidemiology; 1999.Google Scholar
Gove, WR.Gender differences in mental and physical illness: the effects of fixed roles and nurturant roles. Soc Sci Med 1984;19:77-91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffin-Shelley, ESandler, KRLees, C.Sex-role perceptions in chemically dependent subjects: adults versus adolescents. Int J Addict 1990;25:1383-91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M.A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1960;23:56-62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M.The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959;32:50-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammer, TVaglum, P.The increase in alcohol consumption among women: a phenomenon related to accessibility or stress? A general population study. Br J Addict 1989;84:767-75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hecht, HFaltermaier, AWittchen, HU, Eds. Social Interview Schedule (SIS). Regensburg: Roderer Verlag; 1987.Google Scholar
Helmreich, RLSpence, JTWilhelm, JA.A psychometric analysis of the personal attributes questionnaire. Sex Roles 1981;7:1097-108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herkov, MJGreer, RA.Bulimia: an empirical analysis of psychodynamic theory. Psychol Rep 1994;75:51-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huselid, RFCooper, ML.Gender roles as mediators of sex differences in adolescent alcohol use and abuse. J Health Soc Behav 1992;33:348-62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, MEBrems, CFischer, P.Sex role conflict, social desirability, and eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. J Gen Psychol 1996;123:75-87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubicka, LCsemy, LKozeny, J.Prague women’s drinking before and after the 'velvet revolution' of 1989: a longitudinal study. Addiction 1995;90:1471-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lancelot, CKaslow, NJ.Sex role orientation and disordered eating in women: a review. Clin Psychol Rev 1994;14:139-57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorr, MManning, TT.Personality correlates of the sex role types. J Clin Psychol 1978;34:884-8.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCreary, DRSadava, SW.Stress, drinking, and the adverse consequences of drinking in two samples of young adults. Psychol Addict Behav 1998;12:247-61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Napholz, L.Indices of psychologicall well-being and sex-role orientation among working women. Health Care Women Int 1994;15:307-16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neve, RJDrop, MJLemmens, PHSwinkels, H.Gender differences in drinking behaviour in the Netherlands: convergence or stability? Addiction 1996;91:357-73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plant, MThornton, C.Gender and alcohol: the UK case for convergence. Paper presented at the Gender and Alcohol in Europe conference, March Berlin 1999:24-6.Google Scholar
Ricciardelli, LAWilliams, RJKernan, MJ.Relation of drinking and eating to masculinity and femininity. J Soc Psychol 1998;138:744-52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roos, PECohén, LH.Sex roles and social support as moderators of life stress adjustment. J Pers Soc Psychol 1987;52:576-85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Runge, TEFrey, DGollwitzer, PM, et al.Masculine (instrumental) and feminine (expressive) traits. A comparison between students in the United States and West Germany. J Cross-Cult Psychol 1981;12:142-62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saelan, HMoller, LKoster, A.Alcohol consumption in a Danish cohort during 11 years. Scand J Soc Med 1992;20:87-93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimonaka, YNakazato, KKawaai, CSato, S.Androgyny and successful adaptation across the life span among Japanes Adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 1997;158:389-400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimonaka, YNakazato, KMarushima, R.Androgyny and psychological well-being among older and younger Japanese adults. Aging 1994;6:43-8.Google ScholarPubMed
Sorell, GTSilvia, LYBusch-Rossnagel, NA.Sex-role orientation and self-esteem in alcoholic and nonalcoholic women. J Stud Alcohol 1993;54:566-73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spence, JTHelmreich, RL.Masculinity and femininity: their psychological dimensions, correlates and antecedents. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press; 1978.Google Scholar
Steinberg, FCLeichner, PPHarper, DW.The interaction of sex-role identity and ideology conflicts with depression in women and men. Soc Psychiatry 1987;22:8-13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TdW Intermedia GmBH, Ed. Typologic der Wtinsche 1997/98. Frankfurt, 1997.Google Scholar
Towbes, LDCohén, LHGlyshaw, K.Instrumentality as a life stress moderator for early versus middle adolescents. J Pets Soc Psychol 1989;57:109-19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Upmanyu, WUpmanyu, S.Depression in relation to sex role identity and hopelessness among males and female Indian adolescents. J Soc Psychol 1994;234:551-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiteley, BE.Sex-role orientation and self-esteem: a critical meta-analytic review. J Pets Soc Psychol 1983;44:765-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilsnack, RWCheloha, R.Women’s roles and problem drinking across the lifespan. Soc Prob 1987;34:231-48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilsnack, RWWilsnack, SCKristjanson, AFHarris, TB.Tenyear prediction of women’s drinking behavior in a nationally representative sample. Womens Health 1998;4:199-230.Google Scholar