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Relaciones entre la personalidad antisocial y el alcoholismo: hipótesis genéticas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

F. Limosin ,
J. Adés  and
P. Gorwood
F. Limosin
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
J. Adés
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
P. Gorwood
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
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Resumen

Los factores genéticos explican una parte no desdeñable de la vulnerabilidad a la dependencia de alcohol, estimándose la influencia genética en los varones en alrededor del 60%. La búsqueda de uno o varios genes implicados potencialmente en el alcoholismo se enfrenta a la heterogeneidad clínica de este trastorno, pero también a la heterogeneidad de los factores etiológicos implicados. Así, es necesario definir de nuevo fenotipos más específicos con determinismo más simple, y centrarse en subconjuntos más específicos de genes candidatos. En esta perspectiva, se informa frecuentemente sobre la existencia de concurrencia (presencia al mismo tiempo, cualquiera que sea la causa) de personalidad antisocial y alcoholismo. Se han propuesto con anterioridad tres hipótesis para explicar esta concurrencia. En primer lugar, podría ser un artefacto o contaminación puros debido a elementos comunes en manuales diagnósticos muy utilizados, como el DSM o la CIE. En segundo lugar, la personalidad antisocial y el alcoholismo podrían compartir uno o varios factores etiológicos comunes, y determinar una comorbilidad "real". Por último, pueden existir factores genéticos comunes entre estos dos trastornos, observándose una transmisión conjunta de ambos más a menudo de lo esperado únicamente por el azar, es decir, podría existir coagregación. Se revisará y se analizará cada una de estas tres hipótesis.

Keywords

alcoholismopersonalidad antisocialcomorbilidadfactores genéticos
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 7 , Issue 6 , September 2000 , pp. 365 - 371
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2000

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