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Nueva apreciación de la asociación entre el gen del DRD2, el alcoholismo y la adicción
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Analizamos el efecto del alelo Al Taql del gen del receptor D2 de dopamina sobre el ries-go de alcoholismo, intentando representar tres explicaciones propuestas con frecuencia para explicar las discrepancias en los estudios de asociación y ligamiento: que el alelo Al puede actuar como un marca-dor más bien que como un factor de vulnerabilidad, que los sesgos de estratificación y los controles no evaluados pueden explicar los resultados positivos, y que el alelo Al modifica el genotipo en lugar de aumentar el riesgo de alcoholismo. Así, examinamos otro marcador (STRP de dinucleótidos) dentro del gen del DRD2, seleccionamos una nueva muestra homogénea de 113 pacientes alcohólicos y 49 controles no afectados emparejados estrictamente en cuanto a los orígenes étnicos y evaluamos sistemáti-camente ambas muestras con una entrevista semiestructurada para detectar (en ambas) la dependencia de alcohol, pero también rasgos relacionados tales como complicaciones específicas. La frecuencia del alelo Al no era significativamente diferente entre los alcohólicos y los controles, pero cuando se com-pararon subgrupos diferentes de alcohólicos, el alelo Al fue significativamente más frecuente en los pacientes alcohólicos con complicaciones somáticas (RV = 3,00, IC [1,37 - 6,62]), con complicaciones sociales y profesionales (RV = 2,72, IC [1,25 - 5,90]) o con dependencia comórbida (RV = 2,88, IC 95% [1,16 - 7,15]). La asociación para la dependencia comórbida y las complicaciones somáticas fue positiva también cuando se tomaron en consideración tanto los STRP como los polimorfismos TaqIA. El alelo Al no aumenta el riesgo de alcoholismo per se en nuestra muestra, pero puede estar implicado en un rasgo relacionado que es parcialmente dependiente del diagnóstic de alcoholismo, a través de un desequilibrio con otra mutación próxima.
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- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2000
References
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