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Los criterios diagnósticos de la CIE-10 y el DSM-IV y la prevalencia de la esquizofrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

E. Lindström ,
B. Widerlöv  and
L. von Knorring
E. Lindström
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario, Uppsala, Suecia
B. Widerlöv
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario, Uppsala, Suecia
L. von Knorring
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario, Uppsala, Suecia
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Resumen

En el presente estudio, se identificó a todos los pacientes que cumplían los criterios diagnósticos para una psicosis funcional a largo plazo (PFL) dentro de un área de captatión definida en la parte norte del condado de Uppsala, Suecia. La PFL incluye a pacientes 1) con síntomas psicóticos productivos, no causados por enfermedad orgánica, durante una semana o más, al menos una vez durante el curso de la enfermedad; 2) que han sido afectados por una psicosis durante un período continuo de al menos 6 meses en la misma ocasión; 3) que han mostrado rasgos psicóticos o síntomas residuales durante el año índice; y 4) que son mayores de 18 años de edad. Todos los diagnósticos se hicieron en primer lugar según el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM) III- R. La prevalencia de la esquizofrenia fue 4,2 por 1.000 habitantes, la del trastorno esquizoafectivo, 0,7 por 1.000 y la del trastorno delirante, 0,1 por 1.000. Cuando se diagnosticó de nuevo a los pacientes segiin el DSM-III, el DSM-IV y la Clasificación Estadística Internacional de las Enfermedades (CIE) 10, se encontró que la prevalencia de la esquizofrenia, el trastorno esquizoafectivo y el trastorno delirante era algo más baja según los criterios del DSM-III, mientras que, según el DSM- IV, cumplía los criterios el mismo número de pacientes. Si se utilizaba la CIE-10, resultaba en un concepto más amplio de esquizofrenia y en uno algo más estrecho de trastorno esquizoafectivo. Así, la introducción de los nuevos sistemas diagnosticós paralelos, la CIE-10 y el DSM-IV, dará lugar a estimaciones de prevalencia diferentes pero comparables con respecto a la esquizofrenia, el trastorno esquizoafectivo y el trastorno delirante.

Keywords

esquizofreniaprevalenciaCIE-10DSM III-RDSM-IV
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 4 , Issue 8 , November 1997 , pp. 536 - 544
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1997

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