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La especificidad de las características clínicas en adultos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: una comparación con pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Las características del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) del DSM-IV en los adultos se pueden encontrar también como parte de otros trastornos psiquiátricos. Este estudio investigó la especificidad de los rasgos del TDAH adulto en relación con los pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP), un síndrome que comparte algunos de sus rasgos intrínsecos con el TDAH y coincide a menudo con él. Un grupo de 20 pacientes adultos seleccionados a partir de un diagnóstico de TDAH y uno de 20 pacientes seleccionados a partir de un diagnóstico de TLP se sometieron a una evaluación por las Escalas de Déficit de Atención para Adultos (ADSA), un instrumento de autoinforme. Se emparejó a los dos grupos en cuanto a la edad, el CI verbal y el género. Siete de las nueve escalas de las ADSA mostraron diferencias entre grupos significativas, que implicaron en particular a la atención, la organización y la persistencia. La escala “Constancia/largo plazo”, que refleja sobre todo el deterioro de la persistencia en la tarea y la meta, fue el mejor discriminador entre los grupos. Además, las puntuaciones en esta escala correlacionaban significativamente con la puntuación de error de una tarea administrada por ordenador de memoria operativa espacial, cuyo rendimiento se ha comunicado que está deteriorado en los pacientes con TDAH. Los resultados proporcionan validación adicional para las ADSA y apoyan una afirmación previa de que las “constancias a largo plazo”, es decir, las relacionadas con la persistencia en la tarea y la meta, son la “cuestión conductual central” para los adultos con TDAH.
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References
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