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Factores psicosociales y enfermedad crónica en la niñez

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

C. Zimmermann Tansella
C. Zimmermann Tansella*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología Médica, Instituto de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Verona, Ospedale Policlinico, Verona, Italia
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Resumen

La enfermedad crónica en un niño requiere un ajuste organizativo y emocional acertado del niño y la familia. La manera de adaptarse del niño y la familia a la enfermedad afectará a su bienestar psicológico y a su calidad de vida. Esta revisión resume hallazgos de investigación recientes sobre la relación entre factores de enfermedad, funcionamiento individual y familiar, estrategias de afrontamiento y ajuste psicosocial. Los hallazgos se presentan dentro del marco de tres modelos teóricos complementarios: el enfoque evolutivo familiar, la tipología psicosocial de enfermedades y el modelo de proceso de estrés y afrontamiento. Estos modelos son útiles para una comprensión mejor de las complejas interacciones entre enfermedad, familia y afrontamiento, y ofrecen a los profesionales que participan en la asistencia de niños enfermos crónicos directrices para la evaluación y el desarrollo de programas de intervención. La revisión empieza examinando las repercusiones de la enfermedad crónica sobre el ajuste psicosocial del niño enfermo, sus hermanos y parientes. Luego, se discuten factores que producen estrés psicosocial y factores de riesgo desde el punto de vista de las características relacionadas con la enfermedad y con la familia. Se presentan recursos y estrategias de afrontamiento que se han mostrado relacionados con el ajuste infantil y de los padres, y por último se describen programas de intervención que tienen éxito.

Keywords

niños enfermos crónicosajuste psicosocialestrategias de afrontamientofamilia
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 3 , Issue 5 , October 1996 , pp. 288 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1996

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