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Evaluación por el observador frente a autoevaluación en la valoración de los pacientes deprimidos
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Una panorámica de las publicaciones sobre escalas de evaluación revela que el clínico tiene actualmente muchas escalas de evaluación validadas entre las que escoger para evaluar el trastorno de su paciente. En términos generales, las escalas de evaluación por el observador son los instrumentos que se deben utilizar como criterio de evolución principal en los trastornos depresivos, tanto en la práctica general como en los ensayos relacionados con fármacos. Sin embargo, las escalas de autoevaluación pueden proporcionar información adicional importante para la valoración de la terapia. También proporcionan una medida de la percepción del paciente de su propia enfermedad y recuperación, que no es posible obtener con las evaluaciones realizadas por el observador. Las escalas de autoevaluación están diseñadas para uso frecuente y para ser sensibles a los cambios producidos por la terapia y su curso temporal. Las evaluaciones realizadas por el observador pueden mostrar también sensibilidad al cambio, y salen bien paradas al compararlas con las medidas de autoevaluación.
El enfoque multimétodo, que incluye tanto escalas de evaluación por el observador como de autoevaluación y cubre diferentes dominios, como los síntomas psicopatológicos, el funcionamiento social, etc., es el método preferido para evaluar a los pacientes. Utilizando este enfoque, los clínicos pueden construir perfiles completos de las enfermedades de sus pacientes y hacer evaluaciones completas de la eficacia del tratamiento y su vuelta al funcionamiento social normal.
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References
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