Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T20:05:24.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluación por el observador frente a autoevaluación en la valoración de los pacientes deprimidos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

H.J. Möller
H.J. Möller*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336Munich, Alemania
Get access

Resumen

Una panorámica de las publicaciones sobre escalas de evaluación revela que el clínico tiene actualmente muchas escalas de evaluación validadas entre las que escoger para evaluar el trastorno de su paciente. En términos generales, las escalas de evaluación por el observador son los instrumentos que se deben utilizar como criterio de evolución principal en los trastornos depresivos, tanto en la práctica general como en los ensayos relacionados con fármacos. Sin embargo, las escalas de autoevaluación pueden proporcionar información adicional importante para la valoración de la terapia. También proporcionan una medida de la percepción del paciente de su propia enfermedad y recuperación, que no es posible obtener con las evaluaciones realizadas por el observador. Las escalas de autoevaluación están diseñadas para uso frecuente y para ser sensibles a los cambios producidos por la terapia y su curso temporal. Las evaluaciones realizadas por el observador pueden mostrar también sensibilidad al cambio, y salen bien paradas al compararlas con las medidas de autoevaluación.

El enfoque multimétodo, que incluye tanto escalas de evaluación por el observador como de autoevaluación y cubre diferentes dominios, como los síntomas psicopatológicos, el funcionamiento social, etc., es el método preferido para evaluar a los pacientes. Utilizando este enfoque, los clínicos pueden construir perfiles completos de las enfermedades de sus pacientes y hacer evaluaciones completas de la eficacia del tratamiento y su vuelta al funcionamiento social normal.

Keywords

escalas de evaluación por el observadorcalidad de vidaescalas de autoevaluaciónfuncionamiento social
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 7 , Issue 8 , November 2000 , pp. 486 - 500

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Aitken RCB. Measurement of feelings using visual analog scales. Proc R Soc Med 1969;62:989–93.Google Scholar
Asberg, MMontgomery, SAPerris, CSchalling, DSedvall, G.A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978;272(Suppl):5–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, JCoppen, A.A comparison between the Hamilton Rating Scale and Beck Inventory in the measurement of depression. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:486–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, M.Well-being and life satisfaction as components of quality of life in mental disorders. In: Katschnig, HFreeman, HSartorious, N, eds. Quality of life in mental disorders. Chichester. John Wiley & Sons; 1997. p. 31–42.Google Scholar
Bech, P.Rating scales for affective disorders: their validity and consistency. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1981;95(Suppl):11–91.Google Scholar
Bech, P.Symptoms and assessment of depression. In: Paykel, ES, ed. Handbook of affective disorders. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. p. 3–14.Google Scholar
Bech, P.Introduction: Rating scales versus DSM-III-R and ICD-10. In: Bech, P, eds. Rating scales for psycho-pathology, health status and quality of life. London: Springer-Verlag; 1993. p. 30–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bech, P.Quality of life instruments in depression. Eur Psychiatry 1997;2:194–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bech, PAllerup, PGram, LFReisby, NRosenburg, RJacobsen, O.The Hamilton Depression Scale. Evaluation of objectivity using logistic models. Acta Psychistr Scand 1981;63:290–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bech, PGram, LFJacobsen, OViter, JBolwing, TG.Quantitative rating of depressive States. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1979;51:161–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bech, PGram, LFReisby, NRafaelsen, OJ.The WHO depression scale. Relationship to the Newcastle scales. Acta Psychiatr Sean 1980;62:140–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bech, PKastrup, MRafaelsen, OJ.Minicompendium of rating scales for anxiety, depression, mania, schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatry Scand 1986;(Suppl 326):1–37.Google Scholar
Bech, PRafaelsen, OJ.The Melancholia Scale: develop-ment, consistency, validity, and utility. In: Sartorius, NBan, TA, eds. Assessment of depression. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986. p. 259–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bech, PRafaelson, OJ.The use of rating scales exemplified by a comparison of the Hamilton and the Bech-Rafaelson Melancholia Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1980;62(Suppl 285):128–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, AT.Depression: clinical, experimental, and theoe-retical aspeets. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1967.Google Scholar
Beck, ATWard, CHMendelson, MMock, JErbaugh, J, An Inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:53–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosc, MDubini, APolin, V.Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997;7(Suppl 1):S57–S70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Briggs, JTWylie, LTZiegler, V.Validity of the Zung self-rating depression scale. Br J Psychiatry 1978;132:381–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, BJFielding, JMBlashki, TG.Depression rating scales. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:361–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, BFeinberg, MSmouse, PERawson, SGreden, JF.The Carroll rating scale for depression: development, reliability and validity. Br J Psychiatry 1981;138:194–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clare, AWCairns, VE.Design, development and use of a standardized interview to assess social maladjustment and dysfunction in community studies. Psychol Med 1987;8:589–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, AW.The personality and social network adjust-ment scale. Hum Rel 1968;1:85–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, PEJosephs, PO.The Community Adaptation Schedule and the California Psychological Inventory: a validation study with college students. Community Ment Health J 1970;6:366–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corruble, ELegrande, JMZcenigorowski, HGuret, CGuelfi, DJ.Concordance between self-report and clinician’s assessment of depression. J Psychiatr Res 1999;33:457–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Domken, MScott, JKelly, P.What factors predict discre-pancies between self and ovserver ratings of depression? J Affect Disord 1994;31:253–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubini, ABosc, MPolin, V.Noradrenaline-selective versus serotonin-selective antidepressant therapy: differen-tial effeets on social functioning. J Psychopharmacol 1997;11(Suppl):sl7–S23.Google Scholar
Dubini, ABosc, MPolin, V.Do noradrenaline and seroti-nin differentially affect social motivation and behaviour? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997;7(Suppl 1:S49–S55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dupuy, HJ.The Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index. In: Wenger, NKMattson, MEFurberg, CDElison, J, eds. Assessment of quality of life in clini-cal trials of cardiovascular therapies. New York: Le Jacq Publishing; 1984. p. 184–8.Google Scholar
Endicott, JSpitzer, RLFleiss, JLCohen, J.The Global Assessment Scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:766–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faltermaier, TWittchen, HUEllmann, RLiissle, R.The Social Interview Schedule (SIS) -content, structure and reliability. Soc Psychiatry 1985;20:115–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faravelli, CAlbensi, GPoli, E.Assessment of depression: a comparison of rating scales. J Affect Disord 1986;11:245–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinberg, MCarroll, BJSmouse, PERawson, SG.The Carroll rating scale for depression. III. Comparison with otherrating instruments. Br J Psychiatry 1981;138:205–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, RAMitchell, JKocsis, JH.Retreatment for relapse following desipramine discontinuation in dysthymia. AmJ Psychiatry 1995;152:926–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Gurland, BJYorkston, NJStone, ARFrank, JDFleiss, JL.The structured interview to assess maladjustment (SSIAM). Description, rationale and development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;27:259–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gurland, BJYorkston, NJGoldberg, KFleiss, JLSloane, RBCristol, AH.The structured interview to assess maladjustment (SSIAM). Factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;27:264–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guy, W.ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharma-cology revised. Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health; 1976.Google Scholar
Hamilton, M.A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M.Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Clin Psychol 1967;6:278–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M.Comparative value of rating scales. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1976;1(Suppl 1):58–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooijer, CZitman, FGGriez, EVan Tilburg, WWillemse, ADinkgreve, MAHM.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS): changes in scores as a function of training and version used. J Affect Disord 1991;22:21–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, JRO’Hara, MWRehm, LP.Measurement of depression in clinical trials: an OverView. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43:85–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Hunt, SMMe Kenna, SP.The QLDS: a scale for the measurement of quality of life in depression. Health Policy 1992;22:307–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katschnig, H.How useful is the concept of quality of life in psychiatry? In: Katschnig, HFreeman, HSartorious, N, eds. Quality of life in mental disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1997. p. 3–16.Google Scholar
Kocsis, JHFrancés, AJVoss, CMasón, BJMann, JJSweeny, J.Imipramine and social vocational adjustment in chronic depression. AmJ Psychiatry 1988;145:997–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Lang, FPellet, JPostic, YBeau, JMLancrenon, SBlanchon, Y, et al.Widlocher’s Depressive Retardation Scale and Montgomery-Asberg’s Depression Rating Scale: an inter-rater study. Eur Psychiatry 1991;6:47–52.Google Scholar
Leader, JBKlein, DN.Social adjustment in dysthymia, double depression and episodic major depression. J Affect Disord 1996;37:91–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J.Whose life is it anyway? Quality of life for long-stay patients discharged from psychiatryc hospital. In: Katschnig, HFreeman, HSartorious, N, eds. Quality of life in mental disorders. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1997. p. 241–52.Google Scholar
Lorr, M.Assessing psychotic behavior by IMPS. In: Pichot, POlivier-Martin, R, eds. Psychological measurements in psychopharmacoloty. Modern problems in pharma-copsychiatry. Base: Karger; 1974. p. 50–63.Google Scholar
Maier, WAlbus, MBuller, RNutzinger, DShera, DBech, P.Self and observer assessment in anxiolytic drug trials: a comparison of their validity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990;240:103–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massana, J.Reboxetine versus fluoxetine: an overview of efficacy and tolerability. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59(Suppl 4):8–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Massana, JMöller, HJBurrows, GD.Revoxetine: a dou-bleblind comparison with fluoxetine in major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;14:73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McHorney, CAWare, JERaczek, AE.The Mos 36 item shortfrom health survey SF36: II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993;31:247–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcller, HJ.Outcome criteria in antidepressant drug trials: self rating versus observer rating scales. Pharmacopsy-chiatry 1991;24:71–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Möller, HJVon Zerssen, D.Self-rating procedures in the evaluation of antidepressants. Review of the literature and results of our studies. Psychopathology 1995;28:291–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montgomery, SA.Reboxetine: additional benefits to the depressed patient. J Psychopharmacol 1997;11(Suppl 4):S9–S15.Google ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, SAAsberg, M.A new depression scale designed to be sentitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nerenberg, AAGrossbard, SJFava, MRosenbaum, JF.Social adjutsment does not predict depressive relapse during continuation fluoxetine therapy. J Affect Disord 1995;34:73–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paykel, ESNorton, KRW.Self-report and clinical interview in the assessment of depression. In: Sartorius, NBan, TA, eds. Assessment of depression. New York: Springer; 1986. p. 356–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prusoff, BAKlerman, GLPaykel, ES.Concordance bet-ween clinical assessments and patients’ self-report in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;26:546–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pukrop, RMöller, HJSaβ, HSauer, HKlosterkötter, JCzernik, A, et al.Das Konstrukt Lebensqualitat: Metaanalytische Validierung und die Entwicklung eines modularen Erhebungssystems. Nervenarzt 1999;70:41–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radloff, LS.The CES-D scale: aself-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measurement 1977;1:385–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rush, AJGiles, DESchlesser, MAFulton, CLWeissenburger, JBurns, C.The inventory for depressive symptomatology (IDS): preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res 1986;18:65–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snaith, P.What do depression rating scales measure? selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor selective serotinin reuptake inhibitor. Br J Psychiatry 1993;163:293–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souêtre, EMartin, PLozet, HMonteban, H.Quality of life in depressed patients: comparison of fluoxetine and major tricyclic antidepressants. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;11:45–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, RLEndicott, JRobins, E.Research diagnostic cri-teria. Rationale and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:773–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinmeyer, EMMöller, HJ.Facet theoretic analysis of the Hamilton-d scale. J Affect Disord 1992;25:53–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Von Zerssen, D.Clinical Self-Rating Scales (CSRS) of the munich Psychiatric Information System (PSYCHIS München). In: Sartorius, NBan, TA, eds. Assessment of depression. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986. p. 270–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Zerssen, D, in collaboration with Koeller D-M. Klinische Selbstbeurteilungs-Skalen (KSb-S) aus dem Münchener Psychiatrischen Informations-System (PSY-CHIS München), Manuale. (a) Allgemeiner Teil; (b) Die Beschwerden-Liste; (c) Paranoid-Depressiovitats-Skala, Depressiovitats-Skala; (d) Die Befindlichkeitis-Skala. Weinheim: Belz Test; 1976.Google Scholar
Ware, JESherbourne, CD.The MOS 36-item short-from health survey (SF-36). Med Care 1992;30:473–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, MM.The assessment of social adjustment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:357–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MMBothwell, S.Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;1111–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissmann, MMKlerman, GLPaykel, ES.Treatment effects on the social adjustment of depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;30:771–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissmann, MMSholomskas, DJohn, K.The assessment of social adjustment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:1250–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, MMPaykel, ESSeigel, RKlerman, GL.The social role performance of depressed women: compari-sons with a normal group. Am J Orthopsychiatr 1971;41:390–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whalley, DMackenna, SP.Measuring quality of life in patients with depression or anxiety. PharmacoEconomics 1995;8:305–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zung, WWKDurham, NC.A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:61–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed