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Episodios depresivos: ¿hay datos para un rol causal de los trastornos de ansiedad primarios?
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos son trastornos mentales comunes en la población general que imponen una carga tremenda tanto a las personas afectadas como a la sociedad. Además, la comorbilidad entre los trastornos de ansiedad y los depresivos es alta, lo que lleva a una discapacidad y un deterioro funcional sustanciales. Los hallazgos indican de modo uniforme que los trastornos de ansiedad son primarios a la depresión en la mayoría de los casos comórbidos. Sin embargo, la cuestión de si los trastornos de ansiedad son factores de riesgo para la depresión, y potencialmente incluso factores de riesgo causales para el primer comienzo de depresión, continúa sin resolver. Resultados recientes han mostrado que los trastornos de ansiedad aumentan el riesgo de depresión posterior, y afectan también al curso de la depresión, lo que se traduce en un pronóstico peor. Además, algunos resultados indican una relación dosis-respuesta al revelar que un número más alto de trastornos de ansiedad y un deterioro más importante asociado con los trastornos de ansiedad aumentan más el riesgo de depresión posterior. La meta de este artículo es revisar las publicaciones recientes, resumir las implicaciones de los hallazgos anteriores e indicar direcciones para la investigación futura con respecto a estrategias preventivas y de intervención.
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