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Depresión y deterioro cognitivo en los ancianos: un estudio multicéntrico
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
El presente estudio, realizado en colaboración entre los Departamentos de Psiquiatría en universidades suizas y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, tiene dos metas principales: desarrollar métodos de evaluación que se puedan utilizar posteriormente en los centros suizos de una manera estándar, y tomar medidas para la colaboración continuada entre los centros en Suiza y la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos sobre las distinciones entre depresión y deterioro cognitivo. Con este propósito se seleccionaron tres grupos diferentes de pacientes ancianos de ambos sexos durante el periodo de noviembre de 1989 a julio de 1991 para su incorporación al estudio. Los dos primeros grupos incluían a los primeros diez pacientes de ambos sexos con más de 60 años de edad que contactaron consecutivamente con las instituciones participantes y que mostraban depresión con o sin síntomas clínicos significativos de deterioro cognitivo; el grupo de control incluía pacientes que no mostraban depresión o síntomas clínicos significativos de deterioro cognitivo. En la valoración inicial se incluyó un total de 125 pacientes, 69 de los cuales fueron evaluados de nuevo en un seguimiento a los siete meses (como media). Se administraron a cada paciente varios instrumentos calificados por el clínico o de autoinforme para la evaluación de la depresión, el deterioro cognitivo, las discapacidades, el estado físico y el comienzo de los trastornos.
El estudio ha mostrado que se pueden utilizar diversos instrumentos para la evaluación fiable de la depresión o el deterioro cognitivo en los ancianos, pero los instrumentos para la evaluación de la depresión diferencian sólo pobremente entre pacientes con deterioro cognitivo o sin él. Debido a la importancia de identificar entre los ancianos tanto a pacientes deprimidos como a pacientes con deterioro cognitivo, es necesario administrar simultáneamente instrumentos de evaluación diferentes dirigidos a grupos de síntomas diferentes
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References
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