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Concentración de N-acetil-aspartato en el área prefrontal dorsolateral en hombres con esquizofrenia crónica y trastorno bipolar crónico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

V. Molina ,
J. Sánchez ,
J. Sanz ,
S. Reig ,
C. Benito ,
I. Leal ,
F. Sarramea ,
R. Rebolledo ,
T. Palomo  and
M. Desco
V. Molina
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, E-37007Salamanca, España
J. Sánchez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
J. Sanz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, España
S. Reig
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
C. Benito
Affiliation:
Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
I. Leal
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Jaén, Jaén, España
F. Sarramea
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Jaén, Jaén, España
R. Rebolledo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, España
T. Palomo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, España
M. Desco
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Resumen

Objetivos.

El estudio de la concentración de N-acetil-aspartato (NAA) proporciona datos interesantes sobre las alteraciones corticales en las enfermedades psicóticas. Aunque la reducción de la concentración de NAA en la corteza cerebral es un resultado habitual en la esquizofrenia crónica, es menos constante en la enfermedad bipolar. Por otra parte, es probable que los valores de NAA puedan ser diferente en hombres y mujeres con esquizofrenia.

Métodos.

Mediante con espectroscopia por resonancia magnética protónica ('H MRS) calculamos las concentraciones de NAA en la corteza prefrontal de dos grupos de hombres, uno con esquizofrenia (n = 11) y otro con trastorno bipolar (n = 13) de similar duración y los comparamos con una muestra de hombres sanos que usamos como grupo control (n = 10). Además, comparamos el grado de desviaciones estructurales de los volúmenes normales de sustancia gris (SG) y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral.

Resultados.

Comparados con los controles, los pacientes con esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar tuvieron un cociente NAA/creatina más bajo, y sólo el grupo de pacientes con esquizofrenia mostró un aumento de LCR en la región prefrontal dorsolateral. No hubo ninguna diferencia entre los grupos en el cociente colina/creatina.

Conclusiones.

Estos datos sugieren que la disminución de NAA en la región prefrontal pueda ser similar en la esquizofrenia y en el trastorno bipolar, al menos, en estados crónicos. Sin embargo, el LCR cortical puede aumentar significativamente en pacientes con esquizofrenia.

Keywords

EsquizofreniaTrastorno bipolarN-acetil-aspartatoEspectroscopiaCorteza prefrontal
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , March 2008 , pp. 81 - 89
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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