Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T17:22:13.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Domesticating discourses: European law, English judges, and political institutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

Joseph Jupille*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, University of Colorado, 333 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0333, USA
James A. Caporaso
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, University of Washington, 101 Gowen Hall, Box 353530, Seattle, WA 98195-3530, USA

Abstract

Political science research on Europeanization has focused too little on the domestic legal-constitutional implications of European legal integration. We address this relative neglect, identifying two models of the impact of European law on domestic judicial discourses and testing them against evidence on the invocation of three EU law concepts within English courts. Contrary to a statist model, which expects judicial discourses to correspond closely with direct importations of European law through the preliminary reference procedure, we find stronger support for an indigenization model in which courts gradually domesticate previously alien concepts. These domesticating discourses offer new insights into domestic political and constitutional orders in the context of European and international legalization.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © European Consortium for Political Research 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, F.M. (2000), ‘NAFTA and the legalization of world politics: a case study’, International Organization 54(3): 519547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, K.J. (1996), ‘The European Court’s political power’, West European Politics 19(3): 458487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, K.J. (1998), ‘Who are the “masters of the Treaty”? European governments and the European Court of Justice’, International Organisation 52(1): 121148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, K.J. (2000), ‘The European Union’s legal system and domestic policy: spillover or backlash?’, International Organization 54(3): 489518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, K.J. (2001), Establishing the Supremacy of European Law: The Making of an International Rule of Law for Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alter, K.J.Vargas, J. (2000), ‘Explaining variation in the use of European litigation strategies: EC law and UK gender equality policy’, Comparative Political Studies 33(4): 316346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, S.S.Eliassen, K.A. (eds) (1993), Making Policy in Europe: The Europeification of National Policy-Making, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Anderson, J.J. (2002), ‘Europeanization and the transformation of the democratic polity, 1945–2000’, Journal of Common Market Studies 40(5): 793822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, G. (1998), ‘Community law and the development of UK administrative law: delimiting the “spill-over” effect’, European Public Law 4: 253276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, G. (1999), ‘EC law, UK public law, and the Human Rights Act 1998: a new integrative dynamic?’, Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2: 417437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, G. (2000), ‘The Europeanization of United Kingdom public law’, Yearbook of European Studies 14: 83104.Google Scholar
Anthony, G. (2002), UK Public Law and European Law, Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Auel, K. (2005), ‘The Europeanisation of parliamentary democracy’, Journal of Legislative Studies 11(3–4): 303318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bache, I. (2006), ‘The Europeanization of higher education: markets, politics or learning?’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44(2): 231248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bache, I.Jordan, A. (eds) (2006), The Europeanization of British Politics, London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, R.C.Epstein, L. (2007), ‘(Re-) setting the scholarly agenda on transjudicial communication’, Law & Social Inquiry 32(3): 791807.Google Scholar
Blair, A. (2004), ‘Britain and the European Union: the impact of membership’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 6(4): 584590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börzel, T.A. (2002), ‘Member state responses to Europeanization’, Journal of Common Market Studies 40(2): 193214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridge, J. (1981), ‘National legal tradition and Community law: legislative drafting and judicial interpretation in England and the European Community’, Journal of Common Market Studies 19: 351376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulmer, S.Burch, M. (2005), ‘The Europeanization of UK government: from quiet revolution to explicit step change?’, Public Administration 83(4): 861890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burley, A.-M.Mattli, W. (1993), ‘Europe before the Court: a political theory of legal integration’, International Organization 47: 4176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caporaso, J.A. (1997), ‘Across the great divide: integrating comparative and international politics’, International Studies Quarterly 41(4): 563592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrubba, C.J.Murrah, L. (2005), ‘Legal integration and the use of the preliminary ruling process in the European Union’, International Organization 59: 399418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmers, D. (2001), ‘The positioning of EU judicial politics within the United Kingdom’, in K. Goetz and S. Hix (eds), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass, pp. 169210.Google Scholar
Checkel, J.T. (2001), ‘The Europeanization of citizenship?’, in M.G. Cowles, J.A. Caporaso and T. Risse (eds), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 180197.Google Scholar
Cole, A. (2001), ‘National and partisan contexts of Europeanization: the case of the French Socialists’, Journal of Common Market Studies 39(1): 1536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conant, L. (2001), ‘Europeanization and the courts: variable patterns of adaptation among national judiciaries’, in M.G. Cowles, J.A. Caporaso and T. Risse (eds), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 97115.Google Scholar
Conant, L. (2002), Justice Contained: Law and Politics in the European Union, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowles, M.G., Caporaso, J.A.Risse, T. (eds) (2001), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Craig, P.P. (1991), ‘Parliamentary sovereignty of the United Kingdom after Factortame’, Yearbook of European Law 11: 221256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, P.P. (1999), ‘Unreasonableness and proportionality in UK law’, in E. Ellis (ed.), The Principle of Proportionality in the Laws of Europe, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 85106.Google Scholar
Craig, P.Schønberg, S. (2000), ‘Substantive legitimate expectations after Coughlan, Public Law 2000: 684701.Google Scholar
de Burca, G. (1997), ‘Proportionality and Wednesbury unreasonableness: the influence of European legal concepts on UK law’, European Public Law 3: 561587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (2008), Chronological List of Judgments and Published Decisions. Strasbourg: ECHR (version dated 15 February). Retrieved 19 February 2008 from http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/15E0E23D-8D4A-4B53-B483-9B443AB99AA3/0/Listechrono.pdfGoogle Scholar
European Court of Justice (ECJ) (2006), Statistics Concerning the Judicial Activity of the Court of Justice, Luxembourg: ECJ. Retrieved 19 February 2008 from http://curia.europa.eu/en/instit/presentationfr/rapport/stat/06_cour_stat.pdfGoogle Scholar
Featherstone, K.Radaelli, C. (eds) (2003), The Politics of Europeanization, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, S. (1990), An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goetz, K.H. (2001), ‘European integration and national executives: a cause in search of an effect?’, in K.H. Goetz and S. Hix (eds), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass, pp. 211231.Google Scholar
Goetz, K.H.Hix, S. (eds) (2001), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J. et al. (2000), ‘Introduction: legalization and world politics’, International Organization 54(3): 385399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golub, J. (1996), ‘The politics of judicial discretion: rethinking the interaction between national courts and the European Court of Justice’, West European Politics 19: 360385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourevitch, P. (1978), ‘The second image reversed: the international sources of domestic politics’, International Organization 32(4): 881911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowland, D.Turner, A. (eds) (2000), Britain and European Integration, 1945–1998: A Documentary History, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Graziano, P.Vink, M.P. (eds) (2007), Europeanization: New Research Agendas, London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Green, N. (1999), ‘Proportionality and the supremacy of Parliament in the UK’, in E. Ellis (ed.), The Principle of Proportionality in the Laws of Europe, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 145164.Google Scholar
Harlow, C. (2000a), ‘Disposing of Dicey: from legal autonomy to constitutional discourse?’, Political Studies 48(2): 356369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlow, C. (2000b), ‘Export, import: the ebb and flow of English public law’, Public Law 2000: 240253.Google Scholar
Harmsen, R.Wilson, T.M. (2000), ‘Introduction: approaches to Europeanization’, Yearbook of European Studies 14: 1326.Google Scholar
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO) (1967), Legal and Constitutional Implications of United Kingdom Membership of the European Communities, Command Paper 3301, May.Google Scholar
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO) (1975), Membership of the European Community: Report on Renegotiation, Command Paper 6003, March.Google Scholar
Hilson, C. (2003), ‘The Europeanization of English administrative law: judicial review and convergence’, European Public Law 9: 125145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, L. (1998), ‘A sense of proportion’, in M. Andenas and F. Jacobs (eds), European Community Law in the English courts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 149161.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, L. (1999a), ‘The influence of the European principle of proportionality upon UK law’, in E. Ellis (ed.), The Principle of Proportionality in the Laws of Europe, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 107115.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, L. (1999b), ‘Human rights and the House of Lords’, Modern Law Review 62(2): 159166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, G. (1973), ‘The European Communities Act 1972’, International Affairs 49(1): 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, M. (1997), Using Human Rights Law in English Courts, Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Jordan, A.Liefferink, D. (eds) (2004), Environmental Policy in Europe: The Europeanization of National Environmental Policy, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahler, M. (2000), ‘Legalization as strategy: the Asia-Pacific case’, International Organization 54(3): 549571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzenstein, P.J. (1976), ‘International relations and domestic structures: foreign economic policies of advanced industrial states’, International Organization 30(1): 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knill, C.Lenschow, A. (2001), ‘Adjusting to EU environmental policy: change and persistence of domestic administrations’, in M.G. Cowles, J.A. Caporaso and T. Risse (eds), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 116136.Google Scholar
Krasner, S.D. (1993), ‘Westphalia and all that’, in J. Goldstein and R.O. Keohane (eds), Ideas and Foreign Policy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 235264.Google Scholar
Krasner, S.D. (1995/1996), ‘Compromising Westphalia’, International Security 20: 115151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasner, S.D. (1999), Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasner, S.D. (2001), ‘Problematic sovereignty’, in S.D. Krasner (ed.), Problematic Sovereignty, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladrech, R. (2002), ‘Europeanization and political parties: towards a framework for analysis’, Party Politics 8(4): 389403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lægreid, P., Steinthorsson, R.S.Thorhallsson, B. (2004), ‘Europeanization of central government administration in the Nordic states’, Journal of Common Market Studies 42(2): 347370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavenex, S. (2001), ‘The Europeanization of refugee policies: normative challenges and institutional legacies’, Journal of Common Market Studies 39(5): 851874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legrand, P. (2002), ‘Public law, Europeanisation, and convergence: can comparatists contribute?’, in P. Beaumont, C. Lyons and N. Walker (eds), Convergence and Divergence in European Public Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 225256.Google Scholar
Levitsky, J.E. (1994), ‘The Europeanization of the British legal style’, American Journal of Comparative Law 42: 347380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, C. (1992), ‘Sovereign or confused? The “great debate” about British entry to the European Community 20 years on’, Journal of Common Market Studies 30: 419436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mair, P. (2001), ‘The limited impact of Europe on national party systems’, in K.H. Goetz and S. Hix (eds), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass, pp. 2751.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (2007), ‘Political parties and party systems’, in P. Graziano and M.P. Vink (eds), Europeanization: New Research Agendas, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 154166.Google Scholar
Mattli, W.Slaughter, A.-M. (1995), ‘Law and politics in the European Union: a reply to Garrett’, International Organization 49: 183190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattli, W.Slaughter, A.-M. (1998), ‘Revisiting the European Court of Justice’, International Organization 52: 177210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, C.O. (2005), ‘The Europeanization of media discourse: a study of quality press coverage of economic policy co-ordination since Amsterdam’, Journal of Common Market Studies 43(1): 121148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milward, A.S. (2002), The Rise and Fall of a National Strategy, 1945–1963, London: Whitehall History Publishing in association with Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Moravcsik, A. (1994), ‘Why the European Community strengthens the state’. Harvard Center for European Studies, Working Paper 52, pp. 82.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. (2001), EC membership and the Judicialization of British Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyikos, S. (2007), ‘Courts’, in P. Graziano and M.P. Vink (eds), Europeanization: New Research Agendas, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 182194.Google Scholar
Olsen, J.P. (2002), ‘The many faces of Europeanization’, Journal of Common Market Studies 40(5): 921952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennings, P. (2006), ‘An empirical analysis of the Europeanization of national party manifestos, 1960–2003’, European Union Politics 7(2): 257270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philpott, D. (2001), ‘Usurping the sovereignty of sovereignty?’, World Politics 53: 297324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, R.D. (1988), ‘Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level games’, International Organization 42(3): 427460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raunio, T.Hix, S. (2001), ‘Backbenchers learn to fight back: European integration and parliamentary government’, in K.H. Goetz and S. Hix (eds), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass, pp. 142168.Google Scholar
Rensen, T. (1993), ‘British statutory interpretation in the light of Community and other international obligations’, Statute Law Review 14: 186203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, M. (2001), ‘Public law representations and substantive legitimate expectations’, Modern Law Review 64(1): 112122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosamond, B. (2003), ‘The Europeanization of British politics’, in P. Dunleavy, A. Gamble, R. Heffernan and G. Peele (eds), Developments in British politics 7, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3959.Google Scholar
Rosamond, B.Wincott, D. (2006), ‘Constitutionalism, European integration and British political economy’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 8(1): 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenau, J.N. (1966), ‘Transforming the international system: small increments along a vast periphery’, World Politics 18(3): 525545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiemann, L.J. (1998), ‘The application of general principles of Community law by English courts’, in M. Andenas and F. Jacobs (eds), European Community law in the English courts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 137161.Google Scholar
Schmidt, V.A. (2006), ‘Adapting to Europe: is it harder for Britain?’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 8(1): 1533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schønberg, S. (2000), Legitimate Expectations in Administrative Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartze, J. (2000), ‘The convergence of the administrative laws of the EU member states’, in F. Snyder (ed.), The Europeanisation of Law: the Legal Effects of European Integration, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 163182.Google Scholar
Semetko, H.A., de Vreese, C.H.Peter, J. (2001), ‘Europeanised politics – Europeanised media? European integration and political communication’, in K.H. Goetz and S. Hix (eds), Europeanised Politics? European Integration and National Political Systems, London: Frank Cass, pp. 121141.Google Scholar
Shapiro, M. (2002), ‘Judicial delegation doctrines: the US, Britain and France’, West European Politics 25(1): 173199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M. (1994), ‘A typology of transjudicial communication’, University of Richmond Law Review 29: 99137.Google Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M. (1995), ‘International law in a world of liberal states’, European Journal of International Law 6: 503538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M. (2003), ‘A global community of courts’, Harvard International Law Journal 44(1): 191219.Google Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M., Stone Sweet, A.Weiler, J.H.H. (eds) (1998), The European Court and National Courts – Doctrine and Jurisprudence: Legal Change in its Social Context, Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Slaughter, A.-M.Burke-White, W. (2006), ‘The future of international law is domestic (or, the European way of law)’, Harvard International Law Journal 47(2): 327352.Google Scholar
Snyder, F. (ed.) (2000), The Europeanisation of Law: The Legal Effects of European Integration, Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Stone Sweet, A. (2004), The Judicial Construction of Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, A.Brunell, T. (1998), ‘Constructing a supranational constitution: dispute resolution and governance in the European Community’, American Political Science Review 92: 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, A.Caporaso, J.A. (1998), ‘From free trade to supranational polity: the European Court and integration’, in W. Sandholtz and A. Stone Sweet (eds), European Integration and Supranational Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone Sweet, A.McCown, M. (2003), ‘Discretion and precedent in European law’, in O. Wiklund (ed.), Judicial Discretion in European Perspective, Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik, pp. 84115.Google Scholar
Stuart, L.M. (1987), ‘Recent developments in English administrative law – the impact of Europe?’, in F. Capotorti et al. (eds), Du droit international au droit de l’intégration: Liber Amicorum Pierre Pescatore, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, pp. 411419.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. (2000), Legitimate Expectations and Proportionality in Administrative Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Usher, J. (1991), ‘Tide or flood? The influence of concepts of European community law in English law’, in G. Hand and J. McBride (eds), Droit sans frontières: Essays in Honour of L. Neville Brown, Birmingham, UK: Holdsworth Club, pp. 277293.Google Scholar
Usher, J. (2005), ‘The reception of general principles of Community law in the United Kingdom’, European Business Law Review 16(3): 489510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vink, M.P. (2001), ‘The limited Europeanization of domestic citizenship policy: evidence from the Netherlands’, Journal of Common Market Studies 39(5): 875896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warleigh, A. (2001), ‘ “Europeanizing” civil society: NGOs as agents of political socialization’, Journal of Common Market Studies 39(4): 619639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiler, J.H.H. (1994), ‘A quiet revolution: the European Court of Justice and its interlocutors’, Comparative Political Studies 26(1): 510534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, G. (2000), ‘Towards the nutcracker principle: reconsidering the objections to proportionality’, Public Law 2000: 92109.Google Scholar
Woolley, J.T. (2000), ‘Using media-based data in studies of politics’, American Journal of Political Science 44(1): 156173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar