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Insiders/Outsiders : Basque Nationalism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Marianne Heiberg
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Extract

The material which I will try to analyse is largely historical and relates to the initial period of Basque nationalism at the turn of the last century. Moreover, the historical material will be presented only cursorily since the main emphasis of the paper is theoretical. It is believed that the Basque nationalism of today is incomprehensible if there is no theoretical understanding of the factors which led to its emergence in the 1890s. Furthermore, this paper does not purport to prove its conclusions. It is rather a tentative exploration of one theoretical line which may or may not be eventually useful. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section presents the historical material. The second will give an analysis of the specific character of Basque nationalism. By modifying the theory of Ernest Gellner and illustrating with the Basque material, the third part will attempt to put nationalism into a general theoretical framework.

Type
Research Article
Information
European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , November 1975 , pp. 169 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © Archives Européenes de Sociology 1975

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References

* For further references, see Beltza, , El Nacionalismo Vasco(Hendaya, Ediciones Mugalde, 1974)Google Scholar; Venero, M. Garcia, Historia del Nacionalismo Vasco (Madrid 1969)Google Scholar; Ortzi, , Historia de Euskadi: el nacionalismo vasco y ETA (Paris, Ruedo Iberico, 1975)Google Scholar; Oyarzun, R., Historia del Carlismo (Madrid 1965)Google Scholar.

** For the rich literature on such matters, I should like to single out Kedourie, E., Nationalism (London, Hutchinson, 1960)Google Scholar.

(1) de Tejada, F. Eilas, El Señorio de Vizcaya (Madrid, Minotauro, 1963), p. 34Google Scholar.

(2) Brenan, G., The Spanish Labyrinth (Cambridge 1969), p. 96Google Scholar.

(3) Carr, R., Spain, 1808–1939 (Oxford 1966)Google Scholar.

(4) Douglass, W. and Silva, M. da, Basque nationalism, in Pi-Sunyer, O. (ed.), The Limits of Integration (Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1971)Google Scholar.

(5) Baroja, J. Caro, Los Vascos (Madrid 1971)Google Scholar.

(6) Ibid.

(7) Carr, R., op. cit. p. 269Google Scholar.

(8) Jackson, G., The Spanish Republic and the Civil War (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1965), p. 10Google Scholar.

(9) Thomas, H., The Spanish Civil War (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1965), p. 82Google Scholar.

(10) Douglass and da Silva, op. cit.

(11) Douglass and da Silva, op. cit.

(12) Cohen, A., Introduction: The Lesson of Ethnicity, in Cohen, A.(ed.), Urban Ethnicity (London 1974), A.S.A. 12Google Scholar.

(13) Gellner, E., Thought and Change (London 1964)Google Scholar. Id. Scale and Nation, unpublished paper prepared in advance for participants in Burg Wartenstein Symposium n. 55, 1972.

(14) Large monopolistic enterprises do exist in the Basque region. Altos Hornos is an example. Altos Homos, like most similar firms, are majority owned by non Basque, non-Spanish interests. Such firms were singled out along with Spanish socialism as enemies of the nationalist cause.