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Critical Infrastructure Protection from a National Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Stefan Brem
Stefan Brem*
Affiliation:
Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP
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Abstract

This article addresses conceptional components of national strategies on critical infrastructure protection (CIP). In particular, it focuses on the Swiss CIP programme and its strategic components. As in other countries, Switzerland divides its national infrastructure into critical sectors, but rather distinctively it subdivides them into critical subsectors and even lists specific critical infrastructure objects in a classified inventory. The article stresses the importance of a pragmatic public private partnership in further strengthening the CI's resiliency, but also argues for a more explicit legal foundation to provide some clearer guidelines in this evolving field of collaboration.

Type
Symposium on Critical Infrastructures: Risk, Responsibility and Liability
Information
European Journal of Risk Regulation , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 191 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015

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References

1 Ted G. Lewis, Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security: Defending a Networked Nation (2006), Wiley-Interscience.

2 These activities include for example the federal programme on earthquake preparedness and on flood prevention or the report on the future of infrastructure networks (Schweizer Bundesrat, Die Zukunft der nationalen Infrastrukturnetze. Bericht des Bundesrates vom 17. September 2010 (BBl 2010-2263 8665-8758)).

3 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), established in 1961, consists of 34 member states. Its mission is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world (http://www.oecd.org).

4 See World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2010: A Global Risk Network Report (2010), pp. 18–23, at p. 21.Google Scholar

5 Bundesministerium des Innern, Dt., Nationale Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (2011), p. 15.Google Scholar

6 US Department of Homeland Security, National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) 2013: Partnering for Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience (2013), pp. 35–40 Google Scholar; and Australian Government, Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy (2010), pp. 21–24.Google Scholar

7 French Prime Minister, Instruction Générale Interministerielle Relative à la Sécurité des Actitivités d’Importance Vitale (N° 6600/SGDSN/PSE/PSN du 7 janvier 2014).

8 European Commission, Communication from the Commission on a European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (COM(2006) 786 final).

9 See NIPP 2013, pp. 15–20.

10 See European Commission, The European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP), Memo/06/477, Brussels, December 12, 2006.

11 See Schweizer Bundesrat, Nationale Strategie zum Schutz kritischer Infrastrukturen vom 27. Juni 2012 (BBl 2012-1098 7715-7739), esp. p. 7718.

12 Ibid, p. 7720.

13 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Erster Bericht an den Bundesrat zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (2007).

14 Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Critical Infrastructure Protection: Second Report to the Federal Council and Measures for the Period 2009–2011 (2009).

15 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Schlussbericht Beispielstudie Erdbeben, interner Bericht (2009).

16 Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, Critical Infrastructure Protection: Second Report to the Federal Council and Measures for the Period 2009-2011 (2009), pp. 2–4.

17 Ibid, pp. 4–5.

18 The risk report 2012 by the Federal Office for Civil Protection provides such scenarios. See for further information: http://www.riskch.ch.

19 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Schlussbericht Kritikalität der Teilsektoren (2010).

20 Swiss Federal Council, The Federal Council's Basic Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection: Basis for the national critical infrastructure protection strategy (2009), pp. 3–4.

21 In February 2015, the FOCP has launched the website http://www.alertswiss.ch to address this issue.

22 The operational responsibility remains with the CI operator and the supervisory responsibility with the regulatory bodies according to Schweizer Bundesrat, Nationale Strategie zum Schutz kritischer Infrastrukturen vom 27. Juni 2012 (BBl 2012 7715–7739), p. 7734.

23 Ibid, p. 7720.

24 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Schlussbericht Kritikalität der Teilsektoren (2010).

25 See also Yates, Athol, “A Framework for Studying Mortality Arising from Critical Infrastructure Loss”, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection (June 2014) 7:2, pp. 100–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

26 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Methode zur Erstellung des SKI-Inventars (2010).

27 Between the basic strategy of 2009 and the national CIP strategy of 2012, the ten critical sectors have been slightly rearranged and the original 31 subsectors streamlined to 28. This redefinition has been elaborated by the interagency CIP working group and approved by the Federal Council.

28 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Methode zur Erstellung des SKI-Inventars (2010), p. 13.

29 Real Ley, 8/2011, April 28, 2011; Real Decreto, 704/2011, May 20, 2011.

30 Bundesgesetz über den Bevölkerungsschutz und den Zivilschutz; Bevölkerungs- und Zivilschutzgesetz, BZG, 520.1.

31 Patricia Wiater, Sicherheitspolitik zwischen Staat und Markt: Der Schutz kritischer Infrastrukturen (2013), Nomos-Verlag.

32 Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, SKI-Leitfaden (2014). Available on www.infraprotection.ch.

33 See for more information on the FIS: http://www.ndb.admin.ch.

34 Schweizer Bundesrat, Bundesgesetz über die wirtschaftliche Landesversorgung (2014). Draft version for consultation in the national parliament as of September 2014.

35 O'Neill, Philip, “Protecting Critical Infrastructure by Identifying Pathways of Exposure to Risk”, Technology Innovation Management Review (August 2013), pp. 34–40.Google Scholar

36 Akella, Ravi, et al., “Analysis of Information Flow Security in Cyber-Physical Systems”, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection (December 2010), 3:3–4, pp. 157–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar