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Urbanization, Economic Change, and Dental Health in Roman and Medieval Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2017

Rebecca C. Griffin
Rebecca C. Griffin*
Affiliation:
Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Australia
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Abstract

In modern populations, inequalities in oral health have been observed between urban and rural communities, but to date the impact of the place of residence on oral health in archaeological populations has received only limited attention. This meta-study analyses dental palaeopathological data to examine the relationship between place of residence and oral health in Roman, early medieval, and late medieval Britain. Published data on ante-mortem tooth loss, calculus, caries, dental abscesses, and periodontal disease were analysed from cemeteries in urban and rural locations from each period. The results indicate that the place of residence influenced oral health in Roman and late medieval times, with urban populations enjoying better oral health than rural populations in Roman Britain, but poorer oral health in the late Middle Ages. These findings may reflect changes in the nature of urban settlements and in their relationship with their rural hinterlands over time.

L’étude de la santé bucco-dentaire des populations d’époque moderne a révélé des inégalités entre les populations urbaines et rurales mais jusqu’à présent l'influence du milieu sur la santé dentaire de populations provenant de contextes archéologiques n'a reçu que peu d'attention. L’étude méta-analytique présentée ici se base sur des données paléo-pathologiques et a pour but de déterminer les rapports entre le lieu de résidence et la santé bucco-dentaire en Grande-Bretagne au cours de l’époque romaine et pendent le haut et le bas Moyen âge. Cette étude consiste en un examen diachronique des données publiées concernant la perte des dents avant décès, le tartre, les caries, les abcès dentaires et les maladies parodontales relevés dans les nécropoles et cimetières en milieux urbains et ruraux. Il en ressort que le lieu de résidence a eu un effet sur la santé bucco-dentaire à l’époque romaine ainsi que pendant le Moyen âge : la santé dentaire des populations urbaines romaines était meilleure que celle des communautés rurales contemporaines ; par contre ces populations urbaines souffraient plus au bas Moyen âge. Ces résultats reflètent probablement des transformations plus profondes dans la nature de l'habitat urbain et dans les relations que les villes entretenaient avec leur arrière-pays rural au cours des âges. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Studien von modernen Bevölkerungen haben gezeigt, dass es Ungleichheiten in der Zahngesundheit von städtischen und ländlichen Gesellschaften gibt, aber der Einfluss des Wohnortes auf die Zahngesundheit von archäologisch dokumentierten Gemeinschaften hat bisher wenig Aufmerksamkeit erregt. In der vorgelegten Meta-Analyse werden paläopathologische Angaben ausgewertet, um die Beziehungen zwischen Wohnort und Zahngesundheit im römischen, früh- und spätmittelalterlichen Großbritannien zu untersuchen. Die veröffentlichten Daten, die prämortaler Zahnausfall, Zahnstein, Karies, Abszesse und parodontale Krankheiten dokumentieren, wurden von Gräberfeldern und Friedhöfen in städtischen und ländlichen Bereichen in den verschiedenen Zeitabschnitten ausgewertet. Es ergibt sich, dass der Wohnort die Zahngesundheit in der Römerzeit und im Spätmittelalter tatsächlich beeinflusste: Die römischen Stadtbewohner hatten bessere Zähne als ihre ländlichen Zeitgenossen, aber im Spätmittelalter war die Zahngesundheit in den Städten schlechter als auf dem Lande. Diese Ergebnisse weisen wahrscheinlich auf zeitliche Entwicklungen im Städtewesen und in dessen Beziehungen zu seinem ländlichen Hinterland hin. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Keywords

oral healthpalaeopathologyurbanruraleconomyBritainsanté bucco-dentairepaléo-pathologiemilieu urbainmilieu ruraléconomieGrande-BretagneZahngesundheitPaläopathologieStadtbereichLandumgebungWirtschaftGroßbritannien
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , May 2017 , pp. 346 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2017 

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