Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T18:18:34.757Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Case studies in indigenous developments in early Italian centralization and urbanization: a Dutch perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

P.A.J. Attema ,
G.-J. Burgers ,
M. Kleibrink  and
D.G. Yntema
P.A.J. Attema
Affiliation:
Groningen University
G.-J. Burgers
Affiliation:
Amsterdam Free University
M. Kleibrink
Affiliation:
Groningen University
D.G. Yntema
Affiliation:
Amsterdam Free University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The authors discuss results of long-term Dutch field projects in three regions in Italy and review case studies taken from these study areas in the light of indigenous developments in early Italian centralization and urbanization. By looking at regional developments in the domains of economy, religious and funerary practice as well as that of social relationships, they arrive at the conclusion that material culture was actively used in indigenous contexts. There is a consequent need for re-definition of centralization and urbanization, which in the Italian context are often seen as non-indigenous achievements. Comparative regional research, as suggested by the authors' case studies on the Sibaritide, the Brindisino and the Pontine region, will reveal both general trends concerning the concepts discussed and regional idiosyncrasies depending on regional traditions, histories and the regional landscape. To this end, a new project was launched, known as the Regional Pathways to Complexity project, that is introduced to the reader at the end of this paper.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Die Autoren erörtern die Ergebnisse langfristiger niederländischer Projekte in drei Regionen in Italien und überprüfen Fallstudien aus diesen Untersuehungsgebieten unter dem Aspekt der inneren Entwicklungen früher italischer Zentralisation und Urbanisation. Durch Betrachtung regionaler Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Wirtschaft, religiöse Sitte und Bestattungsbrauch sowie soziale Verhältnisse, gelangen sie zu dem Schluß, daß materielle Kultur aktiv in einheimischem Milieu Verwendung fand. Daraus ergibt sich folglich die Notwendigkeit einer erneuten Definition von Zentralisation und Urbanisation, die im italischen Gesamtzusammenhang oft als nicht einheimisch-ursprüngliche Errungenschaften angesehen werden. Vergleichende kleinräumige Untersuchungen, wie sie mit den Fallstudien der Autoren über die Gegend von Sibaritide, Brindisi und Pontino vorgegeben wurden, werden sowohl allgemeine Tendenzen bezüglich der erörterten Konzepte als auch regionale Eigenheiten die von den Traditionen, den gesehichtlichen Entwicklungen sowie der Landschaft vor Ort abhangen, aufdecken. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein neues Vorhaben, bekannt als das Projekt ‘Regionale Wege zur Komplexität’ ins Leben gerufen, das dem Leser am Ende dieses Beitrages nahegebracht wird.

Les auteurs de cet article se penchent sur les résultats de projets hollandais effectués sur le terrain pendant une três longue période dans trois régions d'Italie et examinent les études de cas de ces régions du point de vue de l'évolution des autochtones en Italie, pendant la période de centralisation et d'urbanisation. Après avoir examiné l'évolution régionale sur le plan de l'économie, de la religion, des pratiques funéraires et des rapports sociaux, ils en concluent que l'on utilisait activement, en sens social, la culture matérielle chez les autochtones. Par conséquent, il nous faut redéfinír les termes “centralisation” et “urbanisation”, qui dans le contexte italien, sont très rarement considérés comme étant le fait des autochtones. Des recherches régionales comparatives, comme le suggèrent les auteurs des études de cas effectuées dans les régions des Pontins, de Brindisi et de Sibaritide, révèlent à la fois des tendances générales communes dans les domaines cités plus haut et des particularités régionales liées aux traditions régionales et à l'histoire et la géographie de ces régions. On a alors lancé un nouveau projet appelé: Regional Pathways to Complexity (projet “sur les trajectoires régionales vers la complexité”), que l'on présente au lecteur à fin de cet article.

Keywords

BrindisinocentralizationItalian protohistoryPontine regionSibaritideurbanization
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 1 , Issue 3 , 1998 , pp. 326 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 Sage Publications 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adamesteanu, D., 1974. La Basilicata antica. Storia e Monumenti. Cava dei Tirreni: Di Mauro.Google Scholar
Adamesteanu, D., 1986. Siris e la sua espansione. In De Siena, A. and Tagliente, M. (eds), Siris-Polieion, fonti letterarie e nuova documentazione archeologica. Incontro Studi Policoro 8–10 giugnio 1984: 111–15. Galatina: Congedo.Google Scholar
Ampolo, C., 1990. Roma Arcaica ed i Latini nel V secolo. In Massa-Pairault, F.-H. et al. (eds), Crise et transformation des sociétés archaïques de l'Italie antique au Ve siède av. J.-C: 117–33. Rome: Collection de l'ècole française de Rome, 137.Google Scholar
Andersen, H.D., Horsnaes, H.W. and Houby-Nielsen, S., 1997. Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th Centuries BC – an Introduction. In Andersen, H.D., Horsnaes, H.W., Houby-Nielsen, S. and Rathje, A. (eds), Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the Ninth to Sixth Centuries BC: 9–15. Acta Hyperborea 7. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.Google Scholar
Arancio, M.L., Buffa, V.C., Damiani, I. and Trucco, F., 1993. Torre Mordillo. In Sibari e la Sibaritide. Atti del XXXII Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia. Taranto 1992: 145–63. Taranto: Istituto per la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Arancio, M.L., Buffa, V.C., Damiani, I., Trucco, F., Tàgliacozzo, A. and Vagnetti, L., 1995. L'Abitato di Torre Mordillo nel quadro dello sviluppo dell'insediamento protostorico nell'Alto Ionio (Sibaritide). In Christie, N. (ed.), Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500 BC–AD 1500. Papers of the Fifth Conference of Italian Archaeology: 227–41. Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 41.Google Scholar
Laziale, Archeologia 1992. I Volsci. Quilici-Gigli, S. (ed.), Quaderni del Centro di Studio per l'Archeologia Etrusco-Italica 20. Archaeologia Laziale XI (1).Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., 1991. ‘Quae arx in Pomptino esset’, the emergence of the fortified settlement in the Pontine Lepine landscape. In Herring, E., Whitehouse, R. and Wiikms, J. (eds), Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology, part I ‘the Archaeology of Power’: 83–92. London: University of London, Accordia Research Centre.Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., 1993. An archaeological survey in the Pontine region, a contribution to the early settlement history of south Lazio. Groningen: .Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., 1995. Models of early Roman colonization in south Lazio (Italy). In Raventos, X.'Dupré i (ed.), La Ciudad en el mundo Romano. Actas XIV Congreso Internacional de Arqueología Clasica: 39–41. Tarragona: Associazione internazionale di archeologia classica.Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., 1996. Inside and outside the landscape, perceptions of the Pontine region in central Italy. Afchaeological Dialogues, 3 (2): 176–94.Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., 1997. Notes on the urbanization of Latium Vetus. In Andersen, H.D., Horsnaes, H.W., Houby-Nielseh, S. and Rathje, A. (eds), Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the Ninth to Sixth Centuries BC: 279–95. Acta Hyperborea 7. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., forthcoming. Ceramics of the first millennium BC from a survey at Lanuvium in the Alban hills, Central Italy: Method, aims and first results of regional fabric classification. Palaeohistoria, acta et communicationes Instituti Bioarchaeologici Universitatis Graoningahae. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., Bouma, J.W., Nijboer, A.J. and Olde-Dubbelink, R.O., 1992, Il Sito di Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum) nei secoli V e IV A.C., Quaderni di Centro di Studio per l'Archeologia Etrusco-Italica 20: 75–91 (Archeologia Latíale XI(1) I Volsci).Google Scholar
Attema, P.A.J., Nijboer, A.J. and van Oortmerssen, G.J.M., 1997. Romeinse kolonisatie ten zuiden van Rome (3), het aardewerkonderzoek. PaleoAktueel 8: 84–88. Groningen: Vakgroep Archeologie Groningen.Google Scholar
Barber, E.J.W., 1991. Prehistoric Textiles, the Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergonzi, G., Buffa, V., Cardarelli, A., Giardino, C., Peroni, R. and Vagnetti, L., 1982. Ricerche sulla protostoria della Sibaritide 1 and 2. Naples: Cahiers du Centre Jean Berard VII and VIII.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlingo, I., 1986. La necropoli arcaica di Policoro in localita Madonella. In De Siena, A. and Tagliente, M. (eds), Siris-Polieion, fonti letterarie e nuova documentazione archeologica. Incontro Studi Policoro 8–10 giugnio 1984: 117–25. Galatina: Congedo.Google Scholar
Bianco, S. and Tagliente, M., 1987. Policoro, il Museo Nazionale della Sibaritide. Bari.Google Scholar
Boersma, J.S., 1990. Oria and Valesio. Dutch Archaeological Investigations in the Brindisi Region of Southern Italy. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afd. Letterkunde N.R. 53: 57–108.Google Scholar
Boersma, J.S., Burgers, G.-J. and Yntema, D.G., 1991. The Valesio Project: final interim report. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 66: 115–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, J.S., 1995. Mutatio Valentia. The Late Roman Baths at Valesio, Salento. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.Google Scholar
Bouma, J.W., 1995. Religio Votiva, the 5th–3rd century BC votive deposit south west of the main temple at ‘Staricum’ Borgo le Ferriere. Groningen: PhD-thesis.Google Scholar
Bouma, J.W. and Van't Lindenhout, E., 1996–1997. Light in Dark Age Latium. Evidence from settlements and cult places. A debate on the Dark Ages. Papers on Mediterranean archaeology. Caeculus III: 91–102. Archaeological Institute, Groningen University.Google Scholar
Brandt, R. and Slofstra, J.S. (eds) 1983. Romans and Natives in the Low Countries. Spheres of Interaction. BAR Int. Series 184: 43–69.Google Scholar
Burgers, G.-J., 1994. ‘The Salento Isthmus Project. Second interim report’, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 69: 145–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgers, G.-J., 1998. Constructing Messapian Landscapes. Settlement Dynamics, Social Organization and Culture Contact in the Margins of Graeco-Roman Italy. Amsterdam: Gieben.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, J.C., 1983. The Territory of Metaponto. Austin: The University of Texas, Institute of Classical Archaeology.Google Scholar
Carter, J.C., 1990. Metapontum. Land, Wealth and Population. In Descoeudres, J.-P. (ed.), Greek Colonists and Native Populations, Proceedings of the First Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology Held in Honour of Emeritus Professor A.D. Trendall: 405–45. Oxford:.Oxford University Press, Humanities Research Centre.Google Scholar
Carter, J.C., 1994. Sanctuaries in the Chora of Metaponto. In Alcock, S. and Osborne, R. (eds), Placing the Gods. Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece: 161–99. Oxford/New York.Google Scholar
Carter, J.C., 1996. Agricultural Settlements. In Pugliese Caratelli, G. (ed.), The Western Greeks: 361–68. Milan: Bompiani.Google Scholar
Cassieri, N. and Luttazzi, A., 1985, Note di topografia' sul territorio tra Segni e Paliano. Archeologia Laziale VII: 202–9.Google Scholar
Cassieri, N. and Luttazzi, A., 1988. Nuovi dati per la conoscenza del territorio Toleriense. Archeologia Laziale VII: 270–81.Google Scholar
Chiartano, B., 1994. La necropoli dell'età dell ferro dell'Incoronata e di S.Teodoro. Galatina: Congedo.Google Scholar
Coarelli, F., 1990. Roma, i Vplsci e il Lazio antico. In Massa-Pairault, F.H. et al. (eds) Crise et transformation des sociétés archaïques de l'Italie antique au ve siède av. J.-C.: 135–54. Rome: Collection de l'ècole française de Rome, 137.Google Scholar
Cornell, T.J., 1995. The Beginnings of Rome. Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC). London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cristofani, M., 1992. I Volsci nel Lazio, I modelli di occupazione del territorio. Quaderni di Centro di Studio per l'Archeologia Etrusco-Italia 20: 75–91 (Archeologia Laziale XI(1) I Volsci).Google Scholar
D'Andria, F., 1988. Messapi e Peuceti. In Italia omnium terrarum alumnum: La civiltà dei Veneti, Reti, Liguri, Celti, Piceni, Umbri, Latini, Campani e Iapigi: 653–715. Milan: Garzanti-Scheiwiller.Google Scholar
D'Andria, F., 1991. Monte Papalucio. In D'Andria, F. (ed.), Archeologia dei Messapi: 239–306. Bari; Edipuglia.Google Scholar
De La Blanchère, M.R., 1889. 'Un Chapitre d'Histoire Pontine' État Ancien et Décadence d'une Partie du Latium. Extrait des savants étrangers à l'académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Tome X, 1ère partie. Paris.Google Scholar
De la Genière, J., 1972. Aspetti e problemi dell'archeologia del mondo indigeno. In Le Genti non Greche della Magna Grecia. Atti del XI Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia. Taranto 1971. Taranto: Istituto per la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
De Polignac, F., 1984. La naiseance de la cité grecane. Paris: Bdns. La Découverte.Google Scholar
De Siena, A., 1986a. Metaponto. Nuove scoperte in proprieta Andrisani. In De Siena, A. and Tagliente, M. (eds), Siris-Polieion, fonti letterarie e nuova documentazione archeologica. Incontro Studi Policoro 8–10 giugnio 1984: 135–56. Gajatina: Congedo.Google Scholar
De Siena, A., 1986b. Scavi in Località Incoronata ed a Metaponto: Nuove scoperte. Basento 1986: 199–213.Google Scholar
Dialoghi, 1980. La Formazione della città nel Lazio. Seminario tenuto a Roma, 24–26 giugno 1977, Dialoghi di Archeologia, nuova serie, 1(2).Google Scholar
Drost, E.J., 1997. Nederzettingen en landschap in het stroomgebied van de Astura, Zuid-Latium, Italië. PaleoAktueel 8: 79–83. Groningen: Vakgroep Archeologie Groningen.Google Scholar
Gnade, M., 1992. The Southwest Necropolis of Satricum. Excavations 1981–1986. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.Google Scholar
Greco, E., 1993. L'impero di Sibari. In Sibari e la Sibaritide. Atti del XXXII Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia, Taranto 1992: 459–85. Taranto: Istituto per la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Herring, E., 1991. Socio-political change in the south Italian Iron Age and Classical periods: an application of the peer polity interaction model. Accordia Research Papers 2: 33–54.Google Scholar
Hoekstra, Tsj. R., 1996–1997. Life and Death in South Etruria. The social rhetoric of cemeteries and hoards. A debate on the Dark Ages. Papers on Mediterranean archaeology Caeculus III . Archaeological Institute, Groningen University.Google Scholar
Lamboley, J.-L., 1982. Les hypogées apuliens. Melanges de l'ècole française de Rome, Antiquité 94: 91–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardo, M., 1993. I Messapi: aspetti della problematica storica. In I Messapi. Atti del XXX Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia. Taranto/Lecce 1990: 35–109. Taranto: Istituto per la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Lombardo, M., 1994. Tombe, necropoli e riti funerari in ‘Messàpia’: evidenze e problemi. Studi di Antichità 7: 25–45.Google Scholar
Luppino, S. and Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1996. La ricerca archeologica sul Timpone Motta. In Lattanzi, E., Iannelli, M.T., Luppino, S., Sabbiane, C. and Spadea, R. (eds), I Greci in Occidente, Santuari della Magna Grecia in Calabria: 195–232. Napoli: Electa.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Keeibrink, M., 1970–1971. Anfora attica a figure nere e macine per grano. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 11–12: 75–80.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1974–1976. Abitato sull'altopiano a S della Motta. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 15–17: 169–74.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1987. Settlement Excavations at Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum). Vol. 1: The Campaigns 1979, 1980, 1981. Groningen: Forsten.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1991. Reading Mengarelli's maps, early Latin settlement plans at Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum). Bulletin Antiche Beschaving 66: 51–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1992a. Settlement Excavations at Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum). Vol. 2: The Campaigns 1983, 1985, 1987. Groningen: Forsten.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 1992b. Gli scavi più recenti svolti a Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum). Archeologia Laziale 1992: 53–64.Google Scholar
Maaskant-Kleibrtnk, M., 1993. Religious activities on the Timpone della Motta, Francavilla Marittima – and the identification of Lagaria. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 68: 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maaskant-Klbibrink, M., 1997. L'organizzazione spaziale dei culti a Satricum, Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome. Papers of the Netherlands Institute in Rome. Antiquity 56: 139–64.Google Scholar
McIntosh, R.J., 1991. Early urban clusters in China and Africa: The arbitration of social ambiguity. Journal of Field Archaeology 18: 199–212.Google Scholar
Marasco, C., 1988. Economia, commerci e politica nel Mediterraneao fra il III e il II sec. A.C. Firenze: Università degli Studi di Firenze. Dipartimento di Storia.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D., 1996. From one imperialism to another: imperialism and the Maghreb. In Webster, J. and Cooper, N. (eds), Roman Imperialism: Post-colonial Perspectives: 49–69. Leicester: School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester (Leicester Archaeological Monographs 3).Google Scholar
Mertens, D., 1993a. Note preliminari sull'architettura di Sibari. In Sibari e la Sibaritide. Atti del XXXII Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia. Taranto 1992: 563–70. Taranto: l'Istituto la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Mertens, D., 1993b. Der alte Heratempel in Paestum und die archaische Baukunst in Unteritalien, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern.Google Scholar
Mertens, D., 1996. Greek Architecture in the West. In Pugliese Caratelli, G. (ed.), The Western Greeks: 315–46. Milan: Bompiani.Google Scholar
Mertens-Horn, M., 1992. Die archaische Baufriese aus Metapont. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 99: 1–122.Google Scholar
Morris, S.P., 1992. Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musti, D., 1981. Una città simile a Troia. Città troiane da Siri a Lavinio. Archeologia Classica 23: 1–26.Google Scholar
Musti, D., 1991. Lo sviluppo del mito di Filottete da Crotone a Sibari, Tradizione achee e troiane in Magna Grecia. In De la Genière, J. (ed:), Epéios et Philoctète en Italie: 21–35. Naples: Cahiers du Center Jean Bérard.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijboer, A.J., Attema, P.A.J., Bouma, J.W. and Olde Dubbelink, R.A., 1995. Notes on artifact and pottery production at Satricum in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome. Papers of the Netherlands Institute in Rome. Antiquity LIV (54).Google Scholar
Orlandini, P., 1986a. Fase precoloniale nella Basilicata sud-orientale ed il problema dell'Incoronata. In De Siena, A. and Tagliente, M. (eds), Siris-Polieion, fonti letterarie e nuova documentazione archeologica. Incontro Studi Policoro 8–10 giugnio 1984: 49–54. Galatina: Congedo.Google Scholar
Orlandini, P., 1986b. Incoronata-Scavi dell'Università Statale di Milano. Basente 1974–1984: 29–57.Google Scholar
Peroni, R. and Trucco, F., 1994. Enotri e Micenei nella Sibaritide. Taranto.Google Scholar
Quinci, L. and Quilici Gigli, S., 1975. Repertorio dei beni culturali archeologici della provincia di Brindisi. Fasano di Puglia: Schena Editore.Google Scholar
Quilici Gigli, S., 1983. Antiche opere di bonifica idraulica nella zona Pontina settentrionale. In Satricum, un progetto di valorazzazione per la cultura e il territorio di Latina: 50–56. Latina.Google Scholar
Scheid, J. and Svenbro, J., 1994. Le métier de Zeus, Mythe du tissage et du tissu dans le monde gréco-romain. Paris.Google Scholar
Semeraro, G., 1990. Fondo Melliche. Aree cultuali e necropoli. In D'Andria, F. (ed.), Archeologia dei Messapi: 57–156. Bari: Edipuglia.Google Scholar
Slofstra, J., 1994. Recent developments in Dutch archaeology. A scientific-historical outline. Archaeological Dialogues 1: 9–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. 1991. Dish or votive shield?. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 66: 165–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1970–1971. Santuario di Athena sul Timpone della Motta. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 11–12: 37–66.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1974–1976. Francavilla Marittima. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 15–16: 107–67.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1979a. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timporie Motta 1–2. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 54: 77–90.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1979b. Conjectures on the end of a sanctuary. In Kopeke, Günter and Moore, Mary B. (eds), A Tribute to P.H. von Blanckerihagen: 179–83. Locust Valley, NJ: Augüstin.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1980. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 3. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 55: 163–79.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1982. A puzzling plate. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 57: 141–6.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1983. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 4. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 58: 16–52.Google Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1985. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 5. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 60: 4–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1987. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 7. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 62: 21–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1988. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 8. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 63: 77–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1989. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 9, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 64: 50–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, M.W. and Pugliese Caratelli, G., 1990. Note sugli scavi nel santuario di Athena sul Timpone Motta 10. Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 65: 29–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dommelen, P., 1997. Colonial constructs: colonialism and archaeology in the Mediterranean. World Archaeology 28 (3): 305–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Royen, R.A., 1992. L'itinerario dei Volsci. Quaderni di Centro di Studio per l'Archeologia Etrusco-Italica 20(Archeologia Laziale XI(1) I Volsci).Google Scholar
Vant Linuenhout, E., 1997. Architectural and spatial organization of the first towns in the coastal plain of Latium (6th century BC). Towards a general scheme. In Andersen, H.D., Hdrsnaes, H.W., Houby-Nielsen, S. and Rathje, A. (eds), Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the Ninth to Sixth Centuries BC: 279–315. Acta Hyperborea. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.Google Scholar
Vink, M., 1994–1995. Confrontarle of Coexistentie. Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie 14: 16–25.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, A., 1992. Introduction. In Rich, J. and Wallace-Hadrill, A. (eds), City and Country in the Ancient World. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, R.D., and Wilkins, J.B., 1989. Greeks and natives in south-east Italy: approaches to the archaeological evidence. In Champion, T.C. (ed.), Centre and Periphery. Comparative Studies in Archaeology: 102–26. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Yntema, D.G., 1993a. In Search of an Ancient Countryside, The Amsterdam Free University Field Survey at Oria, Province of Brindisi (Italy). Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers.Google Scholar
Yntema, D.G., 1993b. Le ceramiche e l'artigianato del Salento tra l'età del Eerro e la Romanizzazione. In I Messapi. Atti del XXX Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia. Taranto/Lecce 4–9 ottobre 1990: 139–84. Taranto: Istituto per la Storia e l'Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1970–1971. Necropoli di Macchiabate. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 11–12: 9–33.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1974–1976. Necropoli di Macchiabate. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Grecia 15–17: 91–107.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1975. I labirinti di Francavilla ed il culto di Atena. Rendiconti dell' Accademia di Archeologia, lettere, e belle arti, Napoli L: 125–40.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1977–1979. Necropoli di Macchiabate. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Greda 15–17: 7–91.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1980–1982. Necropoli di Macchiabate. Atti e Memorie della spcietà Magna Grecia 1–23: 7–130.Google Scholar
Zancani Montuoro, P., 1983–1984. Necropoli di Macchiabate. Atti e Memorie della società Magna Greda 24–5: 7–110.Google Scholar