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False Analogy: Transfer of Theories and Methods in Archaeology (The Case of Serbia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Aleksandar Palavestra*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Staša Babić*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract

As an academic discipline, archaeology is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and political practices of Western Europe of the nineteenth century. The emergence of local scholarly communities in other parts of the continent tends to be described as a process that saw the even spread of ideas and concepts in their original form. This further implies a uniform, unilinear sequence of paradigms (culture-historical, processual, postprocessual), each with their own internal logic. However, more often than not, these transfers of disciplinary knowledge from one academic community to the other have introduced distortions of the original concepts, designed to meet the demands of the different cultural and intellectual traditions and research agendas. In this article, we explore the foundation of academic archaeology in Serbia and of the pivotal figure in this process – Miloje M. Vasić, educated at German universities and considered to be the first academically trained archaeologist in the country. His adaptations of the German tradition of Classical scholarship applied to the study of the Balkan past have marked the theory and practice of archaeology in the country up to the present. This example indicates that we should seek to explore the ways in which the concepts we apply in our study of the past are articulated in particular local settings if we are to achieve a better understanding among various academic and professional communities of archaeologists across Europe.

L'archéologie, en tant que discipline académique, est profondément enracinée dans les pratiques culturelles, sociales et politiques de l'Europe occidentale du dix-neuvième siècle. On a tendance à penser que les communautés scientifiques qui se sont développées ailleurs en Europe ont adopté ces idées et concepts sous leur forme initiale. Ceci présuppose une propagation uniforme et unilinéaire de modèles de pensée (culturels, processuels, post-processuel), chacun avec leur propre logique interne. Cependant les notions originales ont bien plus souvent été modifiées lors de ces transferts de connaissances d'une communauté savante à l'autre pour répondre aux exigences des diverses traditions culturelles et intellectuelles ainsi qu'aux diverses orientations de la recherche. Ici nous examinons les origines de l'archéologie académique en Serbie et le rôle clef qu'a joué Miloje M. Vasić dans cette genèse; sa formation universitaire en Allemagne le distingue comme le premier archéologue serbe à avoir reçu une formation professionnelle. En adaptant l'enseignement de l'archéologie classique de tradition allemande aux circonstances des Balkans, il a laissé son empreinte sur la théorie et la pratique de l'archéologie serbe jusqu’à nos jours. Cette étude de cas illustre que nous devons mettre en examen les notions que nous employons dans nos études sur le passé et considérer comment elles s'intègrent au niveau local afin de mieux comprendre les diverses communautés universitaires et professionnelles d'archéologues à travers l'Europe. Translation by Madeleine Hummler.

Als wissenschaftliches Fach ist die Archäologie tief in der kulturellen, sozialen und politischen Praxis des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts in Westeuropa verwurzelt. Die Entstehung von lokalen Gemeinschaften von Gelehrten anderswo in Europa wird oft als ein Vorgang, der zur Verbreitung von Ideen und Begriffe in ihrer ursprünglichen Form führte, beschrieben. Die Voraussetzung ist, dass es sich um eine einheitliche, unilineare Reihe von (kulturhistorischen, prozessualen, post-prozessualen) Denkmustern handelt, die alle ihre eigene innere Logik folgen. Aber die meisten Übertragungen von Fachkenntnissen von einer wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft zur anderen haben die ursprünglichen Konzepte verändert, um sich den verschiedenen kulturellen und intellektuellen Traditionen und Forschungsrichtungen anzupassen. In diesem Artikel wird die Entstehung der wissenschaftlichen Archäologie in Serbien untersucht, und besonders die zentrale Rolle, die Miloje M. Vasić, der sein Studium in Deutschland absolvierte, dabei gespielt hat. Er wird in Serbien als erster akademisch ausgebildeter Archäologe anerkannt und seine Anpassungen der deutschen Tradition der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft an das Studium der Vergangenheit des Balkans hat die Theorie und Praxis der serbischen Archäologie bis heute geprägt. Diese Fallstudie zeigt, dass eine Untersuchung der Anwendungen von verschiedenen Denkmustern hinsichtlich auf unsere Auffassung der Vergangenheit, und besonders der lokalen Gegebenheiten, sich als nützlich erweisen könnte, sodass wir uns als wissenschaftliche und berufliche Gemeinschaften von Archäologen in ganz Europa besser verstehen können. Translation by Madeleine Hummler.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2016 

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