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Experimental Approach to the Study of the European Mode 1 Lithic Record: The Bipolar Core Technology at Vallparadís (Barcelona, Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2017

Policarpo Sánchez-Yustos ,
Joan Garcia Garriga  and
Kenneth Martínez
Policarpo Sánchez-Yustos
Affiliation:
University of Valladolid, Spain
Joan Garcia Garriga
Affiliation:
Department of Prehistory, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Kenneth Martínez
Affiliation:
Department of Prehistory, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract

In this article we present an experimental approach focused on bipolar core technology. The main goal is to define the major constraints and parameters faced when identifying the bipolar component of the Early Pleistocene site of Vallparadís (Spain). For these experiments we have used the same varieties of raw materials and blanks as those documented in the archaeological record. The methodological framework applied in the study of the experimental sample is largely based on the most diagnostic parameters recurrently cited in bipolar-related literature: double striking platforms and opposite battering damage. This information has been encoded by grouping blanks, cores and detached elements in morphotechnical types. The results suggest that the reduction process is conditioned by the morphology and fracture consistency of the knapped nodules. Although blank morphology does not categorically determine the final shape of the cores and flakes, there is a clear correlation between them. The most diagnostic parameter for identifying bipolar objects in statistical terms is the presence of opposite battering damage. However, there are many non-diagnostic pieces generated throughout the bipolar knapping process. Hence we consider it pertinent to analyse the archaeological assemblage of Vallparadís according to alternative methodological approaches (e.g. morphotechnical types).

Dans cet article nous présentons une approche expérimentale centrée sur la technologie bipolaire de l'enclume. L'objet principal de cette étude est d'identifier les contraintes et les paramètres qui définissent la composante bipolaire du Pléistocène ancien du site de Vallparadís en Espagne. Nous avons utilisé pour ce travail expérimental les mêmes variétés de matières premières et de matrices que celles que l'on retrouve dans le matériel archéologique. Le cadre méthodologique employé dans l’étude de notre échantillon se base surtout sur les éléments diagnostiques les plus fréquemment rencontrés dans la littérature spécialisée concernant les techniques bipolaires : plateformes de percussion doubles et endommagement d'un côté par le percuteur mobile (coup), et de l'autre par le percuteur dormant ou enclume (par contrecoup). Cette information a été catégorisée en groupant les matrices, les nucléi et les éléments détachés en types morphotechniques. Il en ressort que le processus de réduction est conditionné par la morphologie et la consistance de fracture des nodules. Quoique la morphologie des matrices ne définisse pas catégoriquement la forme finale des nuclei et des éclats, on observe une nette corrélation entre eux. La présence d'un endommagement produit sur les plans opposés par le percuteur (coup), et de l'autre par l'enclume (par contrecoup) constitue le paramètre le plus diagnostique pour identifier les artéfacts bipolaires du point de vue statistique Mais il existe de nombreuses pièces non-diagnostiques produites par la taille d'objets bipolaires. Nous pensons donc qu'il est pertinent d'analyser le matériel archéologique de Vallparadís en suivant une méthode alternative, types morphotechniques par exemple). Translation by Madeleine Hummler

In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir ein experimentelles Verfahren, das sich auf die bipolare Technologie der Herstellung von Kernen konzentriert. Das Hauptziel ist, die wesentlichsten Bedingungen und Faktoren, die bei der Bestimmung von bipolaren Komponenten des Frühpleistozäns aus Vallparadís in Spanien vorkommt, zu definieren. Für diese Experimente haben wir die gleichen Rohstoffarten und Rohlingen als diejenige des Fundmaterials von Vallparadís verwendet. Der methodologische Rahmen zur Untersuchung unserer Proben beruht weitgehend auf die diagnostischen Eigenheiten, die am meisten vorkommen und die am häufigsten in der Fachliteratur zitiert werden: doppelte Schlagfläche und gegenüberliegende Schlagbeschädigung. Diese Information wurde dann in Typen von Rohlingen, Kernen und Abschlägen eingeteilt. Es ergibt sich, dass das Reduktionsverfahren von der Morphologie und der Bruchkonsistenz des Knollens abhängt. Obschon die Morphologie der Rohlinge nicht unbedingt die endgültige Form der Kerne und der Abschläge bestimmt, ist ein einen deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen ihnen zu erkennen. Statistisch ist die Anwesenheit von gegenüberliegender Schlagbeschädigung der wichtigste Parameter bei der Bestimmung von bipolaren Artefakten. Es gibt aber auch sehr viele nichtdiagnostische Stücke, die im bipolaren Herstellungsverfahren vorkommen. Deswegen halten wir es als passend, dass der Befund von Vallparadís nach alternativen methodologischen Verfahren (wie morphotechnische Typen) untersucht wird. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Keywords

VallparadísEarly Pleistocenelithic analysisexperimental archaeologybipolar techniqueMode 1VallparadísPléistocène ancienanalyse d'objets lithiquesarchéologie expérimentaletechnique bipolaireMode 1VallparadísFrühpleistozänUntersuchung von Steinartefaktenexperimentelle Archäologiebipolare TechnikenMode 1
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , May 2017 , pp. 211 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2017 

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