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Archaeology, science-based archaeology and the Mediterranean Bronze Age metals trade

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

A. Bernard Knapp
A. Bernard Knapp*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow
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Abstract

Archaeologists often seem either sceptical of science-based archaeology or baffled by its results. The underpinnings of science-based archaeology may conflict with social or behavioural factors unsuited to quantification and grouping procedures. Thus, the interaction between archaeologists and their science-based colleagues has been less profitable than it might have been. The main point I consider in this study, and exemplify by considering metals provenance studies in the Bronze Age Mediterranean, is the relevance and application of the stated aims of science-based archaeology to the contemporary discipline of archaeology. Whereas most practitioners today recognize that science-based archaeology has the potential to contribute positively to the resolution of problems stemming from our field's inadequate and incomplete data resource, I contend that science and scientific analyses alone cannot adjudicate between cultural possibilities. Rather they provide analytical data which are likely to be open-ended, subject to multiple social interpretations, and in need of evaluation by collaborating archaeologists using social theory.

Il semble souvent qu'une archéométrie laisse les archéologues sceptiques ou deconcertés par ses résultats. Les fondations d'une archéométrie scientifique ont parfois du mal à accomoder les facteurs sociaux ou de comportement qui ne se prêtent que difficilement à une analyse quantitative et aux procédés de groupement. C'est pourquoi l'interaction entre les archéologues et leurs collègues à orientation scientifique a été moins profitable qu'elle n'aurait pu l'être. Cette étude a pour but principal l'étude de l'application des principes d'une archéométrie à la discipline contemporaine de l'archéologie et utilise comme example les études sur la provenance des métaux dans l'âge du bronze méditerranéen. La plupart des professionels aujourd'hui reconnaissent qu'une archéométrie peut contribuer de façon positive à la résolution de problèmes dont l'origine se situe dans la nature souvent incomplète et inadéquate des données de notre discipline. Je soutiens, cependant, que la science et les analyses scientifiques seules ne peuvent décider entre les différentes possibilités culturelles. Ce qui est en fait produit sont des données analytiques qui débouchent bien souvent sur de multiples interpretations sociales et qui doivent faire l'objet d'évaluation grâce à la collaboration d'archéologues qui utilisent une théorie sociale.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Archäologen scheinen der naturwissenschaftlichen Archäologie oft entweder skeptisch gegenüber zu stehen oder von ihren Ergebnissen verblüfft zu sein. Die Unterstützung einer auf Naturwissenschaften basierenden Archäologie kann in Konflikt geraten mit sozialen und Verhaltensfaktoren, die Verfahren der Quantifizierung und Gruppenbildung entgegenstehen. Deshalb war die Interaktion zwischen Archäologen und ihren naturwissenschaftlichen Kollegen weniger ertragreich als sie hätte sein können. Der wesentlichste Punkt, den ich in dieser Studie betrachte und beispielhaft untersuche an Forschungen zur Herkunftsbestimmung von Metall der mediterranen Bronzezeit, ist die Relevanz und Anwendung von expliziten Zielen der naturwissenschaftlichen Archäologie für die gegenwärtige Disziplin Archäologie. Während die meisten Wissenschaftler heute erkennen, dass die auf Naturwissenschaften basierende Archäologie das Potenzial hat, positiv zur Auflösung von Problemen beizutragen, die aus den inadäquaten und unvollständigen Datenressourcen unserer Disziplin herrühren, behaupte ich, dass Naturwissenschaft und naturwissenschaftliche Analysen allein nicht zwischen verschiedenen kulturellen Möglichkeitenentscheiden können. Sie liefern eher analytische Daten, die sehr wahrscheinlich offen bleiben, verschiedenartigen sozialen Interpretationen dienen können, und einer Bewertung durch mitarbeitende Archäologen bedürfen, die soziale Theorien anwenden.

Keywords

commodification of metalsCypruslead isotope analysisMediterranean Bronze Agemetals traderecyclingSardiniascience-based archaeologysocial theory
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , 2000 , pp. 31 - 56
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 Sage Publications 

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