Hostname: page-component-669899f699-chc8l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T02:45:06.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observational Evidence for Tidal Interaction in Close Binary Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2008

M.-J. Goupil ,
J.-P. Zahn  and
T. Mazeh
T. Mazeh*
Affiliation:
School of Physics of Astronomy, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israël
Get access

Abstract

This paper reviews the rich corpus of observational evidence for tidaleffects, mostly based on photometric and radial-velocity measurements.This is done in a period when the study of binaries is beingrevolutionized by large-scaled photometric surveys that are detectingmany thousands of new binaries and tens of extrasolar planets. We begin by examining the short-term effects, such as ellipsoidalvariability and apsidal motion. We next turn to the long-termeffects, of which circularization was studied the most: a transitionperiod between circular and eccentric orbits has been derived foreight coeval samples of binaries. The study of synchronization andspin-orbit alignment is less advanced. As binaries are supposed toreach synchronization before circularization, one can expect findingeccentric binaries in pseudo-synchronization state, the evidence forwhich is reviewed. We also discuss synchronization in PMS and youngstars, and compare the emerging timescale with the circularizationtimescale. We next examine the tidal interaction in close binaries that areorbited by a third distant companion, and review the effect ofpumping the binary eccentricity by the third star. We elaborate on theimpact of the pumped eccentricity on the tidal evolution of closebinaries residing in triple systems, which may shrink the binary separation. Finally we consider the extrasolar planets and the observationalevidence for tidal interaction with their parent stars. This includesa mechanism that can induce radial drift of short-period planets,either inward or outward, depending on the planetary radial positionrelative to the corotation radius. Another effect is thecircularization of planetary orbits, the evidence for which can befound in eccentricity-versus-period plot of the planets already known. Whenever possible, the paper attempts to address the possibleconfrontation between theory and observations, and to point outnoteworthy cases and observations that can be performed in the futureand may shed some light on the key questions that remain open.

Type
Research Article
Information
European Astronomical Society Publications Series , Volume 29: Tidal Effects in Stars, Planets and Disks , 2008 , pp. 1 - 65
Copyright
© EAS, EDP Sciences, 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abt, H.A., & Boonyarak, C., 2004, ApJ, 616, 562 CrossRef
Abt, H.A., Levato, H., & Grosso, M., 2002, ApJ, 573, 359 CrossRef
Aerts, C., Handler, G., Arentoft, T., Vandenbussche, B., Medupe, R., & Sterken, C., 2002, MNRAS, 333, L35 CrossRef
Albrecht, S., Reffert, S., Snellen, I., Quirrenbach, A., & Mitchell, D.S., 2007, A&A, 474, 565
Alcock, C., Allsman, R.A., Alves, D., Axelrod, T.S., et al., 1997, AJ, 114, 326 CrossRef
Alcock, C., Allsman, R.A., Axelrod, T.S., et al., 1993, in Sky Surveys. Protostars to Protogalaxies, ed. B.T. Soifer, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser., 43, 291
Alonso, R., Brown, T.M., Charbonneau, D., et al., 2007, in Transiting Extrapolar Planets Workshop, ed. C. Afonso, D. Weldrake and T. Henning, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser., 366, 13
Andersen, J., Nordstrom, B., Garcia, J.M., et al., 1987, A&A, 174, 107
Ash, T.D.C., Reynolds, A.P., Roche, P., et al., 1999, MNRAS, 307, 357 CrossRef
Badalian, H.S., & Erastova, L.K., 1970, Astron. Tsirk., 591, 4
Bahcall, J.N., Pinsonneault, M.H., & Basu, S., 2001, ApJ, 555, 990 CrossRef
Bahcall, J.N., & Ulrich, R.K., 1988, Rev. Mod. Phys., 60, 297 CrossRef
Bakos, G., Noyes, R.W., Kovács, G., et al., 2004, PASP, 116, 266 CrossRef
Bakos, G.A., Kovacs, G., Torres, G., et al., 2007a, ApJ, 670, 826 CrossRef
Bakos, G.Á., Noyes, R.W., Kovács, G., Latham, D.W., et al., 2007b, ApJ, 656, 552 CrossRef
Baliunas, S.L., Donahue, R.A., Soon, W.H., et al., 1995, ApJ, 438, 269 CrossRef
Barbieri, M., Alonso, R., Laughlin, G., et al., 2007 [astro-ph/0710.0898]
Bate, M.R., Bonnell, I.A., & Bromm, V., 2002, MNRAS, 336, 705 CrossRef
Batten, A.H., Fletcher, J.M., & Mann, P.J., 1978, Publ. Dominion Astrophys. Obs. Victoria, 15, 121
Batten, A.H., Morbey, C.L., Fekel, F.C., & Tomkin, J., 1979, PASP, 91, 304 CrossRef
Bayliss, D.D.R., & Sackett, P.D., 2007, in Transiting Extrapolar Planets Workshop, ed. C. Afonso, D. Weldrake and T. Henning, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser., 366, 320
Beatty, T.G., Fernández, J.M., Latham, D.W., et al., 2007, ApJ, 663, 573 CrossRef
Benvenuto, O.G., Serenelli, A.M., Althaus, L.G., Barbá, R.H., & Morrell, N.I., 2002, MNRAS, 330, 435 CrossRef
Beust, H., 2003, A&A, 400, 1129
Beust, H., Corporon, P., Siess, L., et al., 1997, A&A, 320, 478
Bildsten, L., Chakrabarty, D., Chiu, J., et al., 1997, ApJS, 113, 367 CrossRef
Blake, C.H., Torres, G., Bloom, J.S., & Gaudi, B.S., 2007 [astro-ph/0707.3604]
Bodenheimer, P., Laughlin, G., & Lin, D.N.C., 2003, ApJ, 592, 555 CrossRef
Bodenheimer, P., Lin, D.N.C., & Mardling, R.A., 2001, ApJ, 548, 466 CrossRef
Bodenheimer, P., & Pollack, J.B., 1986, Icarus, 67, 391 CrossRef
Bonfils, X., Mayor, M., Delfosse, X., et al., 2007, A&A, 474, 293
Bonnell, I.A., & Bate, M.R., 2005, MNRAS, 362, 915 CrossRef
Borkovits, T., Forgács-Dajka, E., & Regály, Z., 2004, A&A, 426, 951
Borkovits, T., Forgács-Dajka, E., & Regály, Z., 2005, in Tidal Evolution and Oscillations in Binary Stars, ed. A. Claret, A. Giménez and J.-P. Zahn, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser., 333, 128
Borkovits, T., Forgács-Dajka, E., & Regály, Z., 2007, A&A, 473, 191
Boss, A.P., 1997, Science, 276, 1836 CrossRef
Bozkurt, Z., & Değirmenci, Ö.L., 2007, MNRAS, 379, 370 CrossRef
Brown, E.W., 1936, MNRAS, 97, 56 CrossRef
Brown, E.W., 1937, MNRAS, 97, 388 CrossRef
Brown, T., Rosing, W.E., Baliber, N., Hidas, M., & Street, R., 2007, in American Astron. Soc. Meeting Abstracts, 210, 66.01
Bulut, I., & Demircan, O., 2007, MNRAS, 378, 179 CrossRef
Burkert, A., & Ida, S., 2007, ApJ, 660, 845 CrossRef
Burrows, A., Guillot, T., Hubbard, W.B., et al., 2000, ApJ, 534, L97 CrossRef
Butler, R.P., Vogt, S.S., Marcy, G.W., et al., 2004, ApJ, 617, 580 CrossRef
Cameron, A.C., Bouchy, F., Hébrard, G., et al., 2007, MNRAS, 375, 951 CrossRef
Cardini, D., & Cassatella, A., 2007, ApJ, 666, 393 CrossRef
Carone, L., & Pätzold, M., 2007, Planet. Space Sci., 55, 643 CrossRef
Cester, B., Fedel, B., Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., Mezzetti, M., & Predolin, F., 1979, Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 50, 553
Charbonneau, D., Allen, L.E., Megeath, S.T., et al., 2005, ApJ, 626, 523 CrossRef
Charbonneau, D., Brown, T.M., Latham, D.W., & Mayor, M., 2000, ApJ, 529, L45 CrossRef
Charles, P.A., & Coe, M.J., 2006, Optical, ultraviolet and infrared observations of X-ray binaries, 215, Compact stellar X-ray sources
Chevalier, R.A., 1975, ApJ, 199, 556 CrossRef
Chiang, E.I., & Murray-Clay, R.A., 2004, ApJ, 607, 913 CrossRef
Choi, P.I., & Herbst, W., 1996, AJ, 111, 283 CrossRef
Claret, A., 1998, A&A, 330, 533
Claret, A., 1999, A&A, 350, 56
Claret, A., 2007, A&A, 467, 1389
Claret, A., & Giménez, A., 1993, A&A, 277, 487
Claret, A., & Willems, B., 2002, A&A, 388, 518
Company, R., Portilla, M., & Giménez, A., 1988, ApJ, 335, 962 CrossRef
Covino, E., Melo, C., Alcalá, J.M.,et al., 2001, A&A, 375, 130
Cowling, T.G., 1938, MNRAS, 98, 734 CrossRef
Cresswell, P., Dirksen, G., Kley, W., & Nelson, R.P., 2007 [astro-ph/0707.2225]
Croll, B., Walker, G.A.H., Kuschnig, R., et al., 2006, ApJ, 648, 607 CrossRef
D'Angelo, C., van Kerkwijk, M.H., & Rucinski, S.M., 2006, AJ, 132, 650 CrossRef
Davidson, K., & Ostriker, J.P., 1973, ApJ, 179, 585 CrossRef
Deming, D., Harrington, J., Laughlin, G., et al., 2007a, ApJ, 667, L199 CrossRef
Deming, D., Harrington, J., Seager, S., & Richardson, L.J., 2006, ApJ, 644, 560 CrossRef
Deming, D., Richardson, L.J., & Harrington, J., 2007b, MNRAS, 378, 148 CrossRef
Deming, D., Seager, S., Richardson, L.J., & Harrington, J., 2005, Nature, 434, 740 CrossRef
Demory, B., Gillon, M., Barman, T., et al., 2007 [astro-ph/0706.0224]
Derekas, A., Kiss, L.L., & Bedding, T.R., 2007, ApJ, 663, 249 CrossRef
Derekas, A., Kiss, L.L., Bedding, T.R., et al., 2006, ApJ, 650, L55 CrossRef
Devor, J., 2005, ApJ, 628, 411 CrossRef
Devor, J., & Charbonneau, D., 2006, Ap&SS, 304, 351
Duquennoy, A., & Mayor, M., 1991, A&A, 248, 485
Duquennoy, A., Mayor, M., Andersen, J., et al., 1992, A&A, 254, L13
Durisen, R.H., Sterzik, M.F., & Pickett, B.K., 2001, A&A, 371, 952
Dziembowski, W.A., & Pamyatnykh, A.A., 1991, A&A, 248, L11
Eaton, J.A., & Henry, G.W., 2007, PASP, 119, 259 CrossRef
Eggleton, P., 2006, Evolutionary Processes in Binary and Multiple Stars (Cambridge University Press)
Eggleton, P.P., & Kiseleva-Eggleton, L., 2001, ApJ, 562, 1012 CrossRef
Eggleton, P.P., & Kisseleva-Eggleton, L., 2006, ApSS, 304, 75
Etzel, P.B., 1981, in Photometric and Spectroscopic Binary Systems, ed. E.B. Carling and Z. Kopal, 111
Fabbiano, G., & Schreier, E.J., 1977, ApJ, 214, 235 CrossRef
Fabrika, S., 2004, Astrophys. Space Phys. Reviews, 12, 1
Fabrycky, D., & Tremaine, S., 2007 [astro-ph/0705.4285]
Fabrycky, D.C., Johnson, E.T., & Goodman, J., 2007, ApJ, 665, 754 CrossRef
Fekel, F.C., & Henry, G.W., 2006, AJ, 131, 1724 CrossRef
Ford, E.B., Kozinsky, B., & Rasio, F.A., 2000, ApJ, 535, 385 CrossRef
Ford, E.B., Kozinsky, B., & Rasio, F.A., 2004, ApJ, 605, 966 CrossRef
Furtig, W., & Meinunger, L., 1976, Inform. Bull. Variable Stars, 1104, 1
Gaudi, B.S., & Winn, J.N., 2007, ApJ, 655, 550 CrossRef
Gelino, D.M., Balman, Ş., Kızıloğlu, Ü., et al., 2006, ApJ, 642, 438 CrossRef
Georgakarakos, N., 2002, MNRAS, 337, 559 CrossRef
Georgakarakos, N., 2004, Celestial Mech. Dynamic. Astr., 89, 63 CrossRef
Giacconi, R., Gursky, H., Kellogg, E., et al., 1973, ApJ, 184, 227 CrossRef
Gillon, M., Pont, F., Demory, B.-O., et al., 2007, A&A, 472, L13
Giménez, A., 1990, in NATO, ASIC Proc. 319: Active Close Binaries Proceedings, ed. C. Ibanoglu NATO Advanced Study Institute, 137
Giménez, A., 2006, ApJ, 650, 408 CrossRef
Giménez, A., Kim, C.-H., & Nha, I.-S., 1987, MNRAS, 224, 543 CrossRef
Giménez, A., & Margrave, T.E., 1985, AJ, 90, 358 CrossRef
Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., & Mezzetti, M., 1984, A&A, 134, 365
Goldman, I., & Mazeh, T., 1991, ApJ, 376, 260 CrossRef
Goldman, I., & Mazeh, T., 1994, ApJ, 429, 362 CrossRef
Goldreich, P., & Nicholson, P.D., 1989, ApJ, 342, 1079 CrossRef
Goldreich, P., & Sari, R., 2003, ApJ, 585, 1024 CrossRef
Goldreich, P., & Soter, S., 1966, Icarus, 5, 375 CrossRef
Goldreich, P., & Tremaine, S., 1980, ApJ, 241, 425 CrossRef
Goodman, J., & Dickson, E.S., 1998, ApJ, 507, 938 CrossRef
Goodman, J., & Oh, S.P., 1997, ApJ, 486, 403 CrossRef
Gray, D.F., 2005, The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres (Cambridge University Press)
Griffin, R.F., 1984, The Observatory, 104, 148
Griffin, R.F., & Gunn, J.E., 1978, AJ, 83, 1114 CrossRef
Griffin, R.F., & Gunn, J.E., 1981, AJ, 86, 588 CrossRef
Gu, P.-G., Bodenheimer, P.H., & Lin, D.N. C., 2004, ApJ, 608, 1076 CrossRef
Guinan, E.F., & Engle, S.G., 2006, Ap&SS, 304, 5
Guinan, E.F., & Maloney, F.P., 1985, AJ, 90, 1519 CrossRef
Guinan, E.F., Ribas, I., Fitzpatrick, E.L., et al., 2000, ApJ, 544, 409 CrossRef
Haisch, K.E. Jr., Lada, E.A., & Lada, C.J., 2001, ApJ, 553, L153 CrossRef
Halbwachs, J.L., Mayor, M., & Udry, S., 2005, A&A, 431, 1129
Hamilton, C.M., Herbst, W., Mundt, R., et al., 2003, ApJ, 591, L45 CrossRef
Hamilton, C.M., Herbst, W., Vrba, F.J., et al., 2005, AJ, 130, 1896 CrossRef
Harrington, J., Hansen, B.M., Luszcz, S.H., et al., 2006, Science, 314, 623 CrossRef
Harrington, R.S., 1968, AJ, 73, 190 CrossRef
Harrington, R.S., 1969, Celestial Mechan. 1, 200
Harrison, T.E., Howell, S.B., Szkody, P., & Cordova, F.A., 2007, AJ, 133, 162 CrossRef
Henry, G.W., Marcy, G.W., Butler, R.P., & Vogt, S.S., 2000, ApJ, 529, L41 CrossRef
Herbst, W., Hamilton, C.M., Vrba, F.J., et al., 2002, PASP, 114, 1167 CrossRef
Herbst, W., & Moran, E.C., 2005, ApJ, 630, 400 CrossRef
Holman, M., Touma, J., & Tremaine, S., 1997, Nature, 386, 254 CrossRef
Holman, M.J., Protopapas, P., & Tholen, D.J., 2007, in AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, 39, 52.08
Hosokawa, Y., 1953, PASJ, 5, 88
Hube, D.P., 1976, Informational Bulletin on Variable Stars, 1123, 1
Hube, D.P., & Couch, J.S., 1982, ApSS, 81, 357
Hulse, R.A., & Taylor, J.H., 1975, ApJ, 195, L51 CrossRef
Hut, P., 1981, A&A, 99, 126
Hut, P., 1982a, A&A, 116, 351
Hut, P., 1982b, A&A, 110, 37
Isobe, S., Noguchi, M., Ohtsubo, J., et al., 1992, Publ. National Astron. Obs. Japan, 2, 459
Ivanov, P.B., & Papaloizou, J.C.B., 2007, MNRAS, 376, 682 CrossRef
Janssen, T., & van Kerkwijk, M.H., 2005, A&A, 439, 433
Jeffery, C.S., 1984, MNRAS, 207, 323 CrossRef
Jetsu, L., Pelt, J., & Tuominen, I., 1999, A&A, 351, 212
Jha, S., Torres, G., Stefanik, R.P., et al., 2000, MNRAS, 317, 375 CrossRef
Johnson, J.A., Marcy, G.W., Hamilton, C.M., et al., 2004, AJ, 128, 1265 CrossRef
Jones, H.R.A., Butler, R.P., Tinney, C.G., et al., 2006, MNRAS, 369, 249 CrossRef
Jorissen, A., Jancart, S., & Pourbaix, D., 2004, in Spectroscopically and Spatially Resolving the Components of the Close Binary Stars, ed. R.W. Hilditch, H. Hensberge and K. Pavlovski, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Ser., 318, 141–143
Juric, M., & Tremaine, S., 2007, [astro-ph/0703160]
Katz, J.I., 1973, Nature, 246, 87
Kearns, K.E., & Herbst, W., 1998, AJ, 116, 261 CrossRef
Kiseleva, L.G., Eggleton, P.P., & Mikkola, S., 1998, MNRAS, 300, 292 CrossRef
Koch, D., Borucki, W., Basri, G., et al., 2007, in IAU Symposium 240: Binary Stars as Critical Tools & Tests in Contemporary Astrophysics, 236–243
Koch, R.H., & Hrivnak, B.J., 1981, AJ, 86, 438 CrossRef
Konacki, M., Torres, G., Jha, S., & Sasselov, D.D., 2003, Nature, 421, 507 CrossRef
Königl, A., 1991, ApJ, 370, L39 CrossRef
Kopal, Z., 1942, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 28, 133 CrossRef
Kopal, Z., 1959, Close binary systems, The International Astrophysics Series (London, Chapman & Hall), 1959
Kozai, Y., 1962, AJ, 67, 591 CrossRef
Krymolowski, Y., & Mazeh, T., 1999, MNRAS, 304, 720 CrossRef
Krzeminski, W., 1974, Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital., 45, 877
Kubiak, M., Udalski, A., & Szymanski, M.K., 2006, Acta Astron., 56, 253
Kuchner, M.J., & Lecar, M., 2002, ApJ, 574, L87 CrossRef
Latham, D., Mathieu, R.D., Milone, A.A.E., & Davis, R.J., 1992a, inBinaries as Tracers of Stellar Formation. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Bettmeralp, Switzerland, Sept. 1991, in honor of Dr. Roger Griffin, ed. A. Duquennoy and M. Mayor (Cambridge University Press), 132
Latham, D.W., Mathieu, R.D., Milone, A.A.E., & Davis, R.J., 1992b, in IAU Symp. 151: Evolutionary Processes in Interacting Binary Stars, ed. Y. Kondo, R. Sistero and R.S. Polidan, 471
Latham, D.W., Stefanik, R.P., Mazeh, T., Mayor, M., & Burki, G., 1989, Nature, 339, 38 CrossRef
Latham, D.W., Stefanik, R.P., Torres, G., et al., 2002, AJ, 124, 1144 CrossRef
Laughlin, G., Marcy, G.W., Vogt, S.S., Fischer, D.A., & Butler, R.P., 2005, ApJ, 629, L121 CrossRef
Lecar, M., Wheeler, J.C., & McKee, C.F., 1976, ApJ, 205, 556 CrossRef
Levato, H., Malaroda, S., Morrell, N., & Solivella, G., 1987, APJS, 64, 487 CrossRef
Levrard, B., Correia, A.C.M., Chabrier, G., et al., 2007, A&A, 462, L5
Lin, D.N.C., Bodenheimer, P., & Richardson, D.C., 1996, Nature, 380, 606 CrossRef
Lin, D.N.C., & Papaloizou, J., 1986, ApJ, 309, 846 CrossRef
Loeillet, B., Shporer, A., Bouchy, F., et al., 2007 [astro-ph/0707.0679]
Lomb, N.R., 1976, Ap&SS, 39, 447
Lubow, S.H., Tout, C.A., & Livio, M., 1997, ApJ, 484, 866 CrossRef
Lyytinen, J., Johansson, P., Jetsu, L., et al., 2002, A&A, 383, 197
Maceroni, C., & Ribas, I., 2007, IAU Symposium 240: Binary Stars as Critical Tools & Tests in Contemporary Astrophysics, 258–260
Machida, M.N., Matsumoto, T., Hanawa, T., & Tomisaka, K., 2005, MNRAS, 362, 382 CrossRef
Mardling, R.A., 2007 [astro-ph/0706.0224]
Margon, B., 1984, ARA&A, 22, 507 CrossRef
Marilli, E., Frasca, A., Covino, E., et al., 2007, A&A, 463, 1081
Martynov, D.I., & Khaliullin, K.F., 1980, ApSS, 71, 147
Mathieu, R.D., Duquennoy, A., Latham, D.W., et al., 1992, in Binaries as Tracers of Stellar Formation. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Bettmeralp, Switzerland, Sep. 1991, in honor of Dr. Roger Griffin, ed. A. Duquennoy and M. Mayor (Cambridge University Press), 278
Mathieu, R.D., Latham, D.W., & Griffin, R.F., 1990, AJ, 100, 1859 CrossRef
Mathieu, R.D., & Mazeh, T., 1988, ApJ, 326, 256 CrossRef
Mathieu, R.D., Meibom, S., & Dolan, C.J., 2004, ApJ, 602, L121 CrossRef
Mayor, M., & Mazeh, T., 1987, A&A, 171, 157
Mayor, M., & Mermilliod, J.C., 1984, in IAU Symp. 105: Observational Tests of the Stellar Evolution Theory, ed. A. Maeder and A. Renzini, 411
Mayor, M., & Queloz, D., 1995, Nature, 378, 355 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., 1990, AJ, 99, 675 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., 2007, in ISSI Scientific Report Series, Vol. 6: Planetary Systems and Planets in Systems, ed. S. Udry, W. Benz and R. von Steiger, 187
Mazeh, T., Krymolowski, Y., & Latham, D.W., 1993, MNRAS, 263, 775 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., Krymolowski, Y., & Rosenfeld, G., 1997, ApJ, 477, L103 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., Naef, D., Torres, G., et al., 2000, ApJ, 532, L55 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., & Shaham, J., 1976, ApJ, 205, L147 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., & Shaham, J., 1979, A&A, 77, 145
Mazeh, T., Tamuz, O., & North, P., 2006, MNRAS, 367, 1531 CrossRef
Mazeh, T., Zucker, S., Goldberg, D., Latham, D.W., Stefanik, R.P., & Carney, B.W., 1995, ApJ, 449, 909 CrossRef
McCluskey, G.E. Jr., & Kondo, Y., 1971, Ap&SS, 10, 464
McCullough, P.R., Stys, J.E., Valenti, J.A., et al., 2005, PASP, 117, 783 CrossRef
McLaughlin, D.B., 1924, ApJ, 60, 22 CrossRef
Meibom, S., & Mathieu, R.D., 2005, ApJ, 620, 970 CrossRef
Meibom, S., Mathieu, R.D., & Stassun, K.G., 2006, ApJ, 653, 621 CrossRef
Melo, C.H.F., Covino, E., Alcalá, J.M., & Torres, G., 2001, A&A, 378, 898
Mermilliod, J.-C., & Mayor, M., 1989, A&A, 219, 125
Mermilliod, J.-C., & Mayor, M., 1990, A&A, 237, 61
Mermilliod, J.-C., & Mayor, M., 1999, A&A, 352, 479
Mermilliod, J.-C., Mayor, M., Andersen, J., et al., 1989, A&SS, 79, 11
Michalska, G., 2007, Inf. Bull. Var. Stars, 5759, 1
Michalska, G., & Pigulski, A., 2005, A&A, 434, 89
Moorhead, A.V., & Adams, F.C., 2007 [astro-ph/0708.0335]
Morris, S.L., 1985, ApJ, 295, 143 CrossRef
Morris, S.L., & Naftilan, S.A., 1993, ApJ, 419, 344 CrossRef
Naef, D., Latham, D.W., Mayor, M., et al., 2001, A&A, 375, L27
Narita, N., Enya, K., Sato, B., et al., 2007 [astro-ph/0702707]
Niarchos, P.G., 2006, Ap&SS, 304, 387
North, P., & Zahn, J.-P., 2003, A&A, 405, 677
North, P., & Zahn, J.-P., 2004, New Astron.Rev., 48, 741 CrossRef
Ogilvie, G.I., & Lin, D.N.C., 2004, ApJ, 610, 477 CrossRef
Ogilvie, G.I., & Lin, D.N.C., 2007, ApJ, 661, 1180 CrossRef
Orosz, J.A., 2003, in IAU Symposium 212: A Massive Star Odyssey: From Main Sequence to Supernova, ed. K. van der Hucht, A. Herrero and C. Esteban, 365
Orosz, J.A., McClintock, J.E., Narayan, R., et al., 2007, Nature, 449, 872 CrossRef
Papaloizou, J., & Lin, D.N.C., 1984, ApJ, 285, 818 CrossRef
Petrova, A.V., & Orlov, V.V., 1999, AJ, 117, 587 CrossRef
Petrova, A.V., & Orlov, V.V., 2002, Astrophysics, 45, 334 CrossRef
Petrova, A.V., & Orlov, V.V., 2003, Astrophysics, 46, 329 CrossRef
Pietsch, W., Haberl, F., Sasaki, M., et al., 2006, ApJ, 646, 420 CrossRef
Pilecki, B., Fabrycky, D., & Poleski, R., 2007, MNRAS, 378, 757 CrossRef
Pollacco, D.L., Skillen, I., Cameron, A.C., et al., 2006, PASP, 118, 1407 CrossRef
Popper, D.M., 1980, ARAA, 18, 115 CrossRef
Popper, D.M., & Etzel, P.B., 1981, AJ, 86, 102 CrossRef
Pourbaix, D., Tokovinin, A.A., Batten, A.H., et al., 2005, Vizier Online Data Catalog, 5122
Pribulla, T., & Rucinski, S.M., 2006, AJ, 131, 2986 CrossRef
Queloz, D., Eggenberger, A., Mayor, M., et al., 2000, A&A, 359, L13
Rasio, F.A., & Ford, E.B., 1996, Science, 274, 954 CrossRef
Rasio, F.A., Tout, C.A., Lubow, S.H., & Livio, M., 1996, ApJ, 470, 1187 CrossRef
Rauch, T., & Werner, K., 2003, A&A, 400, 271
Reisenberger, M.P., & Guinan, E.F., 1989, AJ, 97, 216 CrossRef
Rieutord, M., & Zahn, J.-P., 1997, ApJ, 474, 760 CrossRef
Roberts, W.J., 1974, ApJ, 187, 575 CrossRef
Rossiter, R.A., 1924, ApJ, 60, 15 CrossRef
Russell, H.N., 1928, MNRAS, 88, 641 CrossRef
Sasselov, D.D., 2003, ApJ, 596, 1327 CrossRef
Savonije, G.J., & Papaloizou, J.C.B., 1983, MNRAS, 203, 581 CrossRef
Savonije, G.J., & Papaloizou, J.C.B., 1984, MNRAS, 207, 685 CrossRef
Savonije, G.J., & Witte, M.G., 2002, A&A, 386, 211
Scargle, J.D., 1982, ApJ, 263, 835 CrossRef
Schreier, E., Levinson, R., Gursky, H., et al., 1972, ApJ, 172, L79 CrossRef
Seager, S., Richardson, L.J., Hansen, B.M.S., et al., 2005, ApJ, 632, 1122 CrossRef
Shakura, N.I., 1985, Sov. Astron. Lett., 11, 224
Shporer, A., Hartman, J., Mazeh, T., & Pietsch, W., 2007, A&A, 462, 1091
Shu, F., Najita, J., Ostriker, E., et al., 1994, ApJ, 429, 781 CrossRef
Snowden, M.S., & Koch, R.H., 1969, ApJ, 156, 667 CrossRef
Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D., Mazeh, T., et al., 1999, AJ, 117, 2941 CrossRef
Stauffer, J.R., Hartmann, L., Soderblom, D.R., & Burnham, N., 1984, ApJ, 280, 202 CrossRef
Stauffer, J.R., Schild, R.A., Baliunas, S.L., & Africano, J.L., 1987, PASP, 99, 471 CrossRef
Sterne, T.E., 1939a, MNRAS, 99, 451 CrossRef
Sterne, T.E., 1939b, MNRAS, 99, 662 CrossRef
Sterne, T.E., 1939c, MNRAS, 99, 670 CrossRef
Strauss, M.A., & LSST Collaboration, 2006, BAAS, 38, 1017
Sutantyo, W., 1976, A&A, 52, 141
Tamuz, O., Mazeh, T., & North, P., 2006, MNRAS, 367, 1521 CrossRef
Tananbaum, H., Gursky, H., Kellogg, E.M., et al., 1972, ApJ, 174, L143 CrossRef
Tassoul, J.-L., 1995, ApJ, 444, 338 CrossRef
Tassoul, M., & Tassoul, J.-L., 1997, ApJ, 481, 363 CrossRef
Terquem, C., Papaloizou, J.C.B., Nelson, R.P., & Lin, D.N.C., 1998, ApJ, 502, 788 CrossRef
Thommes, E.W., & Lissauer, J.J., 2003, ApJ, 597, 566 CrossRef
Tokovinin, A.A., 1997, A&AS, 124, 75
Tokovinin, A.A., 2004, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof. Conf. Ser., 21, 7
Tokovinin, A.A., Balega, Y.Y., Pluzhnik, E.A., et al., 2003, A&A, 409, 245
Tokovinin, A.A., & Smekhov, M.G., 2002, A&A, 382, 118
Tokovinin, A.A., Thomas, S., Sterzik, M., & Udry, S., 2006, A&A, 450, 681
Trilling, D.E., 2000, ApJ, 537, L61 CrossRef
Trilling, D.E., Benz, W., Guillot, T., et al., 1998, ApJ, 500, 428 CrossRef
Udalski, A., Kubiak, M., & Szymanski, M., 1997, Acta Astron., 47, 319
Udalski, A., Soszynski, I., Szymanski, M., et al., 1998, Acta Astron., 48, 563
Udry, S., Jorissen, A., Mayor, M., & Van Eck, S., 1998, A&AS, 131, 25
van Kerkwijk, M.H., Kaspi, V.M., Klemola, A.R., et al., 2000, ApJ, 529, 428 CrossRef
Verbunt, F., 1994, A&A, 285, L21
Verbunt, F., & Phinney, E.S., 1995, A&A, 296, 709
Walker, G.A.H., Croll, B., Kuschnig, R., et al., 2007, ApJ, 659, 1611 CrossRef
Walker, M.F., & Bell, M., 1980, ApJ, 237, 89 CrossRef
Ward, W.R., & Hahn, J.M., 1994, Icarus, 110, 95 CrossRef
Weidenschilling, S.J., & Marzari, F., 1996, Nature, 384, 619 CrossRef
Weinberg, S., 1972, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (Wiley-VCH)
Wheeler, J.C., McKee, C.F., & Lecar, M., 1974, ApJ, 192, L71 CrossRef
Winn, J.N., & Holman, M.J., 2005, ApJ, 628, L159 CrossRef
Winn, J.N., Holman, M.J., Johnson, J.A., et al., 2004, ApJ, 603, L45 CrossRef
Winn, J.N., Johnson, J.A., Marcy, G.W., et al., 2006, ApJ, 653, L69 CrossRef
Winn, J.N., Johnson, J.A., Peek, K.M.G., et al., 2007, ApJ, 665, L167 CrossRef
Winn, J.N., Noyes, R.W., Holman, M.J., et al., 2005, ApJ, 631, 1215 CrossRef
Witte, M.G., & Savonije, G.J., 2002, A&A, 386, 222
Wood, F.B., Parker Oliver, J., & Koch, R.H., 1980, A finding list for observers of interacting binary stars, Publ. Dept. of Astronomy, Univ. of Florida, Publ. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Astron. Ser., 5th ed. (Univ. of Pennsylvania Press)
Worek, T.F., 1996, PASP, 108, 962 CrossRef
Wyithe, J.S.B., & Wilson, R.E., 2001, ApJ, 559, 260 CrossRef
Wyrzykowski, L., Udalski, A., Kubiak, M., et al., 2004, Acta Astron., 54, 1
Zahn, J.P., 1966, Ann. d'Astrophys., 29, 313
Zahn, J.-P., 1975, A&A, 41, 329 PubMed
Zahn, J.-P., 1977, A&A, 57, 383 PubMed
Zahn, J.-P., 1989, A&A, 220, 112
Zahn, J.-P., & Bouchet, L., 1989, A&A, 223, 112
Zhang, L.-Y., & Gu, S.-H., 2007, A&A, 471, 219 PubMed
Zhou, J.-L., & Lin, D.N. C., 2007, ApJ, 666, 447 CrossRef
Zucker, S., Mazeh, T., Santos, N.C., Udry, S., & Mayor, M., 2003, A&A, 404, 775
Zucker, S., Mazeh, T., Santos, N.C., Udry, S., & Mayor, M., 2004, A&A, 426, 695