Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 October 2008
We consider multilinear averages in ergodic theory and harmonic analysis and prove their divergence in some range of Lp spaces. This contrasts with the positive behavior exhibited by these averages in a different range, as proved in Demeter et al [Maximal multilinear operators. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.360(9) (2008), 4989–5042]. We also prove that the trilinear Hilbert transform is unbounded in a similar range of Lp spaces. The principle underlying these constructions is stated, setting the stage for more general results.