Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:14:00.241Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of head and limb movements of lame and non-lame colts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2007

F G Christovão ,
R M L Barros ,
C B Martins ,
M A G Silva ,
E V V Freitas ,
J C Lacerda Neto  and
A Queiroz-Neto
F G Christovão
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
R M L Barros
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Instrumentação para Biomecânica, Faculdade de Educação Física, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
C B Martins
Affiliation:
Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
M A G Silva
Affiliation:
Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
E V V Freitas
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
J C Lacerda Neto
Affiliation:
Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
A Queiroz-Neto*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Lameness manifests itself during the movement of the animal or at rest, indicating a structural or functional disturbance in one or more limbs. Videographic analyses allow the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the movement, reducing the subjectivity of evaluations. The objective was to record the alterations in the movement of the head and limbs of horses in a lame and non-lame condition. Video cameras (60 Hz) and computational methods were used. Six Purebred Arabian colts were filmed on a treadmill, at walk and at trot, before and after induction of lameness. Lameness was induced in the left forelimb utilizing a transient lameness model. Markers were placed on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, spiny process of the sixth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae and on the proximal phalange. Nine strides were analysed. At walk and at trot, the animals demonstrated two vertical head movements per stride, while after induction of lameness only one head movement was observed per stride, where this movement was of greater amplitude. The head was shown to be in a more elevated position when the lame limb made first contact with the treadmill belt, which was not observed in the case of the healthy limbs. Only with trotting did the lame animals manifest a prolonged duration of the stance phase for all limbs. The lame animals had a longer support time, lifted the non-lame limbs and showed a shorter stride. Videographic analyses offered details of the alterations in the movement of horses, which are important in the diagnosis of lameness.

Keywords

biomechanicscinematographylamenesstreadmillhorses
Type
Research Paper
Information
Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , February 2007 , pp. 31 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Gruen, A (1997). Fundamentals of videogrammetry – a review. Human Motion Science 16: 155–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Clayton, HM, Sha, D, Stick, JA and Mullineaux, DR (2004). Three dimensional carpal kinematics of trotting horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 36: 671–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Faber, MJ, VanWeeren, PR and Barneveld, A (2002). Repeatability of back kinematics in horses during treadmill locomotion. Equine Veterinary Journal 62: 757–764.Google Scholar
4Buchner, HHF (2001). The advance of clinical biomechanics. Equine Veterinary Journal 33: 430–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Audigie, F, Pourcelot, P, Degueurce, C, Geiger, D and Nenoix, JM (2002). Fourier analysis of trunk displacements: a method to identify the lame limb in trotting horses. Journal of Biomechenics 35: 1173–1182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Turner, TA (2003). Examination of the equine foot. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice 19: 309–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Stashak, TS (1994). Diagnóstico da claudicação. In: Stashak, TS (ed.) Claudicação em Eqüinos Segundo Adams. São Paulo: Roca, pp. 100–134.Google Scholar
8Vorstenbosch, MATM, Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM, Schamhardt, HC and Barneveld, A (1997). Modeling study of compensatory head movements in lame horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58: 713–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Buchner, HHF, Kastner, J, Girtler, D and Knezevic, PF (1993). Quantification of hind limb lameness in the horse. Acta Anatomica 146: 196–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Peham, C, Licka, T, Girtler, D and Scheidl, M (2001). Hindlimb lameness: clinical judgment versus computerized symmetry measurement. The Veterinary Record 148: 750–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Merkens, HW, Schamhardt, HC, Hartman, HC and Kersjes, AW (1986). Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch Warmblood horses at normal walk. Equine Veterinary Journal 18: 207–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM, Schamhardt, HC and Barneveld, A (1996). Head and trunk movement adaptations in horses with experimentally induced fore and hindlimb lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal 28: 71–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Abdel-Aziz, YI and Karara, HM (1971). Direct linear transformation from comparator coordinates into object-space coordinates in close-range photogrammetry. Proceedings of ASP Symposium on Close-Range Photogrammetry. Falls Church, VA: American Society of Photogrammetry, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
14Figueroa, PJ, Neucimar, JL and Barros, RML (2003). A flexible software for tracking of markers used in human motion analysis. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 72: 155–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Leach, DB and Dagg, AI (1983). Evolution of equine locomotion research. Equine Veterinary Journal 15: 87–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Merkens, HW and Schamhardt, HC (1988). Evaluation of equine locomotion during different degrees of experimentally induced lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 6: 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Deuel, NR, Schamhardt, HC and Merkens, HM (1995). Kinematics of induced reversible hind and fore hoof lamenesses in horses at the trot. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 18: 147–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM, Schamhardt, HC and Barneveld, A (1996a). Limb movement adaptations in horses with experimentally induced fore and hindlimb lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal 28: 63–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Kelmer, G, Keegan, KG, Kramer, J, Wilson, DA, Pai, FP and Singh, P (2005). Computer-evaluation of induced compensatory movements resembling lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill. American Journal of Veterinary Research 66: 646–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM, Schamhardt, HC and Barneveld, D (1995). Temporal stride patterns in horses with experimentally induced fore or hind limb lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal 18: 161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Keegan, KG, Wilson, DJ, Wilson, DA and Smith, BK (1997). Effects of anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves on kinematic gait analysis in horse with and without navicular disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58: 218–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Ratzlaff, MH, Grant, BD and Adrian, M (1982). Quantitative evaluation of equine carpal lameness. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2: 78–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM and Schamhaardt, HC (2000). Head and trunk movement adaptations in horse with experimentally induced fore and hindlimb lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal 28: 71–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Rooney, JR (1969). Biomechanics of Lameness in Horses. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 78–95.Google Scholar
25Leach, DB and Crawford, WH (1983). Guidelines for the future of equine locomotion research. Equine Veterinary Journal 15: 103–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed