Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T02:14:04.452Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influences of a rider on the rotation of the horse–rider system during jumping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

PNR Powers  and
AJ Harrison
PNR Powers*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
AJ Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
*
*[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This study examined the effects of a rider on the angular momentum and angular velocity of the jumping horse, particularly during the flight phase. Sagittal plane video recordings were digitized of eight horses jumping a vertical fence (1 m high) under two conditions: Loose and Ridden. An experienced rider rode the horses during the Ridden condition. Using appropriate segmental inertial data for the horse and rider, angular momentum and angular velocity were calculated for the Loose and Ridden conditions. Estimates of the various rider effects on angular momentum and angular velocity were obtained by comparison of Loose and Ridden conditions and examination of the contributions of the horse and rider segments to the total angular momentum. The results showed that the rider's effect on angular momentum was significant but that the rider's segmental contribution to the angular momentum of the horse–rider system was minimal. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the rider had a significant effect on the angular momentum and angular velocity of the horse during the flight phase (P<0.01). However, the rider did not have a significant effect on the transfer of angular momentum during the flight. We concluded that the rider's instruction has a greater influence on the horse's motion than the mechanical transfer between rider and horse.

Keywords

horsejumpingrider effectsangular momentum
Type
Research Article
Information
Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 33 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Clayton, HM and Barlow, DA (1991). Stride characteristics of Four Grand Prix Jumping Horses. In: Persson, SGB, Lindholm, A and Jeffcott, LB (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology 3. Davis, CA: ICEEP Publications, pp. 151–157.Google Scholar
2Moore, DP, Deuel, NR, Drevemo, S and van den Bogert, AJ (1995). Kinematic analysis of World Championship three-day event horses jumping a cross-country drop fence. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 15: 527–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Clayton, HM and Barlow, DA (1989). The effect of fence height and width on the limb placements of showjumping horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 9: 179–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Clayton, HM, Colborne, GR, Lanovaz, J and Burns, TE (1996). Linear kinematics of water jumping in Olympic showjumpers. Pferdheilkunde 12: 657–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Powers, PNR, Harrison, AJ and Storey, NB (1999). Kinematic analysis of take-off parameters during loose jumping in young untrained horses. In: Sanders, RH and Gibson, BJ (eds) Scientific Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Perth, Western Australia: School of Biomedical and Sport Science, Edith Cowan University.Google Scholar
6Schamhardt, HC, Merkens, HW, Vogel, V and Willekens, C (1993). External loads on the limbs of jumping horses at take off and landing. American Journal of Veterinary Research 54: 675–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Hay, JG (1993). The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
8Clayton, HM (1990). Kinematics of equine jumping. Equine Athlete 3: 17–20.Google Scholar
9Galloux, P and Barrey, E (1997). Components of the total kinetic moment in jumping horses. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement (23): 41–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Powers, PNR and Harrison, AJ (2000). How the rider can help show jumpers to have better performances? In: Lindner, A (ed) The Elite Show Jumper. Dortmund, Germany: Lensing Druck, pp. 77–90.Google Scholar
11Powers, PNR and Harrison, AJ (2002). Effects of the rider on the linear kinematics of jumping horses. Sports Biomechanics 1: 135–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Hinrichs, RN (1985). Regression equations to predict segmental moments of inertia from anthropometrical measurements: an extension of the data of Chandler et al. (1978). Journal of Biomechanics 18: 621–624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Buchner, HHF, Savelberg, HHCM, Schamhardt, HC and Barneveld, A (1997). Inertial properties of Dutch Warmblood horses. Journal of Biomechanics 30: 653–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Winter, DA (1990). Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
15Pedotti, A and Ferrigno, G (1995). Optoelectronic-based systems. In: Allard, P and Bianchi, JP (eds) Three Dimensional Analysis of Human Movement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 57–78.Google Scholar
16Whitsett, CE (1963). Some dynamic response characteristics of weightless man. AMRL Technical Documentary Report. Ohio: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, pp. 63–70.Google Scholar
17Jackson, KM (1979). Fitting of mathematical functions to biomechanical data. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 26: 122–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Hay, JG (1973). The centre of gravity of the human body. Kinesiology III 20–44.Google Scholar
19Clayton, HM (1989). Terminology for the description of equine jumping kinematics. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 9: 341–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Kubo, K, Sakai, T, Sakuraoka, H and Ishii, K (1992). Segmental body weight, volume and mass center in Thoroughbred horses. Japanese Journal of Equine Science 3: 149–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Bartlett, R (1997). Introduction to Sports Biomechanics. London: E & FN Spon.Google Scholar