Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:09:09.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gender differences in intimate partner violence and psychiatric disorders in England: results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2013

S. Jonas ,
H. Khalifeh ,
P. E. Bebbington ,
S. McManus ,
T. Brugha ,
H. Meltzer  and
L. M. Howard
S. Jonas
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
H. Khalifeh
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
P. E. Bebbington
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
S. McManus
Affiliation:
National Centre for Social Research, London, UK
T. Brugha
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
H. Meltzer
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
L. M. Howard*
Affiliation:
Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor Louise M. Howard, Section of Women's Mental Health and Women's Health Academic Centre KHP Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Aims.

To assess the extent to which being a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with psychiatric disorders in men and women.

Methods.

A stratified multistage random sample was used in the third English psychiatric morbidity survey. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the Clinical Interview Schedule (Revised) and screening questionnaires. IPV was measured using British Crime Survey questions.

Results.

18.7% (95% CI 17.1–20.4; n = 595 of 3197) of men had experienced some form of IPV compared with 27.8% of women (95% CI 26.2–29.4; n = 1227 of 4206; p < 0.001). IPV was associated with all disorders measured (except eating disorders in men). Physical IPV was significantly linked to psychosis and with substance and alcohol disorders in men and women, but significant associations with common mental disorders (CMDs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders were restricted to women. Emotional IPV was associated with CMDs in men and women.

Conclusions.

The high prevalence of experiences of partner violence, and strength of the association with every disorder assessed, suggests enquiry about partner violence is important in identifying a potential risk and maintenance factor for psychiatric disorders, and to ascertain safety, particularly in women as they are at greatest risk of being victims of violence.

Keywords

common mental disorderseating disordersintimate partner violencepsychotic disorders
Type
Original Articles
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 189 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Afifi, TO, MacMillan, H, Cox, BJ, Asmundson, GJG, Stein, MB, Sareen, J (2009). Mental health correlates of intimate partner violence in marital relationships in a nationally representative sample of males and females. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, 1398–1417.Google Scholar
Andrews, JA, Foster, SL, Capaldi, D, Hops, H (2000). Adolescent and family predictors of physical aggression, communication, and satisfaction in young adult couples: a prospective analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68, 195–208.Google Scholar
Bebbington, P, Nayani, T (1995). The psychosis screening questionnaire. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 5, 11–19.Google Scholar
Bebbington, PE, Jonas, S, Brugha, T, Meltzer, H, Jenkins, R, Cooper, C, King, M, McManus, S (2011). Child sexual abuse reported by an English national sample: characteristics and demography. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46, 255–262.Google Scholar
Brewin, CR, Rose, S, Andrews, B, Green, J, Tata, P, McEvedy, C, Turner, S, Foa, EB (2002). Brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 181, 158–162.Google Scholar
Briere, J, Jordan, CE (2004). Violence against women: outcome complexity and implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19, 1252–1276.Google Scholar
Capaldi, DM, Clark, S (1998). Prospective family predictors of aggression toward female partners for at-risk young men. Developmental Psychology 34, 1175–1188.Google Scholar
Costello, EJ, Mustillo, S, Erkanli, A, Keeler, G, Angold, A (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry 60, 837–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobash, RP, Dobash, RE, Wilson, M, Daly, M (1992). The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence. Social Problems 39, 71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driessen, M, Herrmann, J, Stahl, K, Zwaan, M, Meier, S, Hill, A, Osterheider, M, Petersen, D (2000). Magnetic resonance imaging volumes of the hippocampus and the amygdala in women with borderline personality disorder and early traumatization. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 1115–1122.Google Scholar
Dutton, DG (1994). Behavioral and affective correlates of borderline personality organization in wife assaulters. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 17, 265–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutton, MA, Goodman, LA (2005). Coercion in intimate partner violence: towards a new conceptualisation. Sex Roles 52, 743–757.Google Scholar
Ehrensaft, MK, Cohen, P, Brown, J, Smailes, E, Chen, HN, Johnson, JG (2003). Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: a 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, 741–753.Google Scholar
Ehrensaft, MK, Moffitt, TE, Caspi, A (2006). Is domestic violence followed by an increased risk of psychiatric disorders among women but not among men? A longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry 163, 885–892.Google Scholar
Feder, G, Ramsay, J, Dunne, D, Rose, M, Arsene, C, Norman, R, Kuntze, S, Spencer, A, Bacchus, L, Hague, G, Warburton, A, Taket, A (2009). How far does screening women for domestic (partner) violence in different health-care settings meet the UK National Screening Committee criteria for a screening programme? Systematic reviews of nine UK National Screening Committee criteria. Health Technology Assessment 13, 1–347.Google Scholar
Follingstad, DR, Rutledge, IL, Berg, BJ (1990). The role of emotional abuse in physically abusive relationships. Journal of Family Violence 5, 107–120.Google Scholar
Garcia-Moreno, C, Jansen, HAFM, Ellsberg, M, Heise, L, Watts, C (2005). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses. World Health Organisation.Google Scholar
Gass, JD, Stein, DJ, Williams, DR, Seedat, S (2011). Gender differences in risk for intimate partner violence among South African adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, 2764–2789.Google Scholar
Golding, MJ (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: a meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence 14, 99–132.Google Scholar
Goodman, LA, Thompson, KM, Weinfurt, K, Corl, S, Acker, P, Mueser, KT, Rosenberg, SD (1999). Reliability of reports of violent victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among men and women with serious mental illness. Journal of Trauma and Stress 12, 587–599.Google Scholar
Heim, C, Newport, DJ, Miller, AH, Nemeroff, CB (2000). Long-term neuroendocrine effects of childhood maltreatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 284, 2321–2322.Google Scholar
Howard, LM, Trevillion, K, Agnew-Davies, R (2010 a). Domestic violence and mental health. International Review of Psychiatry 22, 525–534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howard, LM, Trevillion, K, Khalifeh, H, Woodall, A, Agnew-Davies, R, Feder, G (2010 b). Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: prevalence and interventions. Psychological Medicine 40, 881–893.Google Scholar
Howard, LM, Oram, S, Galley, H, Trevillion, K, Feder, G (2013). Domestic violence and perinatal mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 10(5), e1001452. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001452.Google Scholar
Jenkins, R, Meltzer, H, Bebbington, P, Brugha, T, Farrell, M, McManus, S, Singleton, N (2009). The British mental health survey programme: achievements and latest findings. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 44, 899–904.Google Scholar
Johnson, MP (2006). Conflict and control: gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence. Violence Against Women 12, 1003–1018.Google Scholar
Jonas, S, Bebbington, PE, McManus, S, Meltzer, H, Jenkins, R, Kuipers, E, Cooper, C, King, M, Brugha, T (2011). Sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in England: Results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey. Psychological Medicine 41, 709–720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim-Cohen, J, Caspi, A, Moffitt, TE, Harrington, H, Milne, BJ, Poulton, R (2004). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry 60, 709–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kish, L (1965). Sampling organisations and groups of unequal sizes. American Sociology Review 30, 564–572.Google Scholar
Lewis, G, Pelosi, AJ, Araya, R, Dunn, G (1992). Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychological Medicine 22, 465–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malgady, RG, Rogler, LH, Tryon, WW (1992). Issues of validity in the diagnostic interview schedule. Journal of Psychiatric Research 26, 59–67.Google Scholar
McHugo, GJ, Kammerer, N, Jackson, EW, Markoff, LS, Gatz, M, Larson, MJ, Mazelis, R, Hennigan, K (2005). Women, co-occurring disorders, and violence study: evaluation design and study population. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 28, 91–107.Google Scholar
McManus, S, Meltzer, H, Brugha, T, Bebbington, P, Jenkins, R (2009). Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a Household Survey. National Health Service Information Centre for Health and Social Care, Leeds. www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/ Google Scholar
Meltzer, H, Gill, B, Petticrew, M, Hinds, K (1995). OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain, Report 1: The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households. HMSO: London.Google Scholar
Miller, E, Breslau, J, Petukhova, M, Fayyad, J, Green, JG, Kola, L, Seedat, S, Stein, DJ, Tsang, A, Viana, MC, Andrade, LH, Demyttenaere, K, de Girolamo, G, Haro, JM, Hu, C, Karam, EG, Kovess-Masfety, V, Tomov, T, Kessler, RC (2011). Premarital mental disorders and physical violence in marriage: cross-national study of married couples. British Journal of Psychiatry 199, 330–337.Google Scholar
Mirlees-Black, C (1999). Domestic Violence: Findings from a New British Crime Survey Self-Completion Questionnaire. Home Office Research Study 191. Home Office: London.Google Scholar
Morgan, JF, Reid, F, Lacey, JH (1999). The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. British Medical Journal 319, 1467–1468.Google Scholar
O'Farrell, TJ, Murphy, CM, Stephan, SH, Fals-Stewart, W, Murphy, M (2004). Partner violence before and after couples-based alcoholism treatment for male alcoholic patients: the role of treatment involvement and abstinence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72, 202–217.Google Scholar
O'Leary, KD, Tintle, N, Bromet, EJ, Gluzman, SF (2008). Descriptive epidemiology of intimate partner aggression in Ukraine. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, 619–626.Google Scholar
Olff, M, Langeland, W, Draijer, N, Gersons, BPR (2007). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin 133, 183–204.Google Scholar
Oram, S, Trevillion, K, Feder, G, Howard, LM (2013). Systematic review of the prevalence of domestic violence amongst psychiatric populations. British Journal of Psychiatry 202, 94–99.Google Scholar
Povey, D, Coleman, K, Kaiza, P, Hoare, J, Jansson, K (2008). Homicide, Firearm Offences and Intimate Violence 2006/07. Home Office: London.Google Scholar
Read, J, van Os, J, Morrison, AP, Ross, CA (2005). Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia : a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 112, 330–350.Google Scholar
Roberts, AL, Austin, SB, Corliss, HL, Vandermorris, AK, Koenen, KC (2010). Pervasive trauma exposure among US sexual orientation minority adults and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Public Health 100, 2433–2441.Google Scholar
Roberts, GL, Lawrence, JM, O'Toole, BI, Raphael, B (1997). Domestic violence in the emergency department: 1 – two case controlled studies of victims. General Hospital Psychiatry 19, 5–11.Google Scholar
Rose, D, Trevillion, K, Woodall, A, Morgan, C, Feder, G, Howard, LM (2011). Barriers and facilitators of disclosures of domestic violence by mental health service users: qualitative study. British Journal of Psychiatry 198, 189–194.Google Scholar
Sadler, K, Bebbington, P (2009). Psychosis. In Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a Household Survey (ed. McManus, S, Meltzer, H, Brugha, TS, Bebbington, PE and Jenkins, R). The NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care: Leeds, pp. 89–104.Google Scholar
Saunders, JB, Aasland, OG, Babor, TF, Dela Fuente, JR, Grant, M (1993). Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption, part II. Addiction 88, 791–804.Google Scholar
Singleton, N, Bumpstead, R, O'Brien, M, Lee, A, Meltzer, H (2001). Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households 2000. TSO: London.Google Scholar
Smith, K (ed.), Osborne, S, Lau, I, Britton, A (2012). Homicides, firearm offences and intimate violence 2010/11: Supplementary Volume 2 to Crime in England and Wales 2010/11. Retrieved 22 April 2013 from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/116483/hosb0212.pdf.Google Scholar
StataCorp (2008). Stata Statistical Software: Release 10.0. Stata Corp: College Station, Tex.Google Scholar
Stockwell, T, Sitharthan, T, McGrath, D, Lang, E (1994). The measurement of alcohol dependence and impaired control in community samples. Addiction 89, 167–174.Google Scholar
Tjaden, P, Thoennes, N (2000). Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence : Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey. US Department of Justice: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Trevillion, K, Oram, S, Feder, G, Howard, LM (2012). Domestic violence and mental disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 7, e51740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051740.Google Scholar
Trevillion, K, Byford, S, Cary, M, Rose, D, Oram, S, Feder, G, Agnew-Davies, R, Howard, LM (2013). Linking abuse and recovery through advocacy: an observational study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. doi:10.1017/S2045796013000206.Google Scholar
Vos, T, Astbury, J, Piers, LS, Magnus, A, Heenan, M, Stanley, L, Walker, L, Webster, K (2006). Measuring the impact of intimate partner violence on the health of women in Victoria, Australia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 84, 739–744.Google Scholar
Walby, S, Allen, J (2004). Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. ISBN 1 84473 177.4.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1992). SCAN: Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (2010). Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence against Women: Taking Action and Generating Evidence. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
Zlotnick, C, Johnson, DM, Kohn, R (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21, 262–275.Google Scholar