Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:58:36.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Attitudes of the German public to restrictions on persons with mental illness in 1993 and 2011

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2014

M. C. Angermeyer*
Affiliation:
Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
H. Matschinger
Affiliation:
Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Institute of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
G. Schomerus
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor Dr M. C. Angermeyer, Center for Public Mental Health, Untere Zeile 13, A-3482 Gösing am Wagram, Austria. (Email: [email protected])

Abstract

Aims.

In recent years, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Mental Health Declaration for Europe and other initiatives laid the ground for improving the rights of persons with mental illness. This study aims to explore to what extent these achievements are reflected in changes of public attitudes towards restrictions on mentally ill people.

Methods.

Data from two population surveys that have been conducted in the ‘new’ States of Germany in 1993 and 2011 are compared with each other.

Results.

The proportion of respondents accepting compulsory admission of mentally ill persons to a psychiatric hospital remained unchanged in general, but the proportion opposing compulsory admission on grounds not sanctioned by law declined. In contrast, more respondents were opposed to permanently revoking the driver's license and fewer supported abortion and (voluntary) sterilisation in 2011. Concerning the right to vote and compulsory sterilisation, the proportion of those who did not give their views increased most.

Conclusions.

Two divergent trends in public attitudes towards restrictions on people with mental disorders emerge: While, in general, people's views on patients' rights have become more liberal, the public is also more inclined to restricting patients’ freedom in case of deviant behaviour.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angermeyer, MC, Dietrich, S (2006). Public beliefs about and attitudes towards people with mental illness: a review of population studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 113, 163179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angermeyer, MC, Matschinger, H (1995). Auswirkungen der Reform der psychiatrischen Versorgung in der neuen Ländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf die Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu Psychiatrie und zu psychisch Kranken [Effect of reforms of psychiatric care on public attitudes towards psychiatry and people with mental illness]. Nomos: Baden-Baden.Google Scholar
Angermeyer, MC, Matschinger, H, Schomerus, G (2013 a). Has the public taken notice of psychiatric reform? The image of psychiatric hospitals in Germany 1990–2011. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 48, 16291635.Google Scholar
Angermeyer, MC, Matschinger, H, Holzinger, A, Carta, MG, Schomerus, G (2013 b). Psychiatric services in the community? The German public's opinion in 1990 and 2011. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, 339344.Google Scholar
Angermeyer, MC, Matschinger, H, Schomerus, G (2013 c). Attitudes towards psychiatric treatment and people with mental illness: changes over two decades. British Journal of Psychiatry 203, 146151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callard, F, Sartorius, N, Arboleda-Flórez, J, Bartlett, P, Helmchen, H, Stuart, H, Taborda, J, Thornicroft, G (2012). Mental Illness, Discrimination and the Law. Fighting for Social Justice. John Wiley & Sons: New York.Google Scholar
Corrigan, PW, Markowitz, FE, Watson, AC (2004). Structural levels of mental illness stigma and discrimination. Schizophrenia Bulletin 30, 481491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2010). The Right to Political Participation of Persons with Mental Health Problems and Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. FRAU: Vienna.Google Scholar
Gabler, S, Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, JHP (1997). Stichproben in der Umfragenpraxis [Sampling in surveys]. Westdeutscher Verlag: Opladen.Google Scholar
Gaebel, W, Ahrens, W, Schlamann, P (2010). Konzeption und Umsetzung von Interventionen zur Entstigmatisierung seelischer Erkrankungen: Empfehlungen und Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Praxis [Concepts and application of interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of mental illnesses: Recommendations and results from research and practice]. Aktionsbündnis Seelische Gesundheit: Berlin.Google Scholar
Holzinger, A, Floris, F, Schomerus, G, Carta, MG, Angermeyer, MC (2012). Gender differences in public beliefs and attitudes about mental disorder in western countries: a systematic review of population studies. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, 2937.Google Scholar
ITHACA Group & WHO (2008). Outline of Toolkit for Monitoring Human Rights and General Health Care in Mental Health and Social Care Institutions. Ithaca Group: London, Geneva.Google Scholar
Kallert, W, Torres-Gonzalez, F (Eds.) (2006). Legislation on Coercive Mental Health Care in Europe. Peter Lang: Frankfurt a.M.Google Scholar
Lakeman, R, McGowan, P, MacGabhann, L, Parkinson, M, Redmond, M, Sibitz, I, Stevenson, C, Walsh, J (2012). A qualitative study exploring experiences of discrimination associated with mental-health problems in Ireland. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21, 271279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauber, C, Nordt, C, Sartorius, N, Falcato, L, Rössler, W (2000). Public acceptance of restrictions on mentally ill people. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102 (Suppl. 407), 2632.Google Scholar
Lauber, C, Nordt, C, Falcato, L, Rössler, W (2002). Public attitude to compulsory admission of mentally ill people. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 105, 385389.Google Scholar
Long, SJ, Freese, J (2006). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variable Using Stata, 2nd edn.Stata Press: College Station, TX.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, BA, Monahan, J, Link, BG, Stueve, A, Kikuzawa, S (1999). The public's view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems. American Journal of Public Health 89, 13391345.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, BA, Martin, JK, Long, JS, Medina, TR, Phelan, JC, Link, BG (2010). “A disease like any other?” A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry 167, 13211330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salize, HJ, Dressing, H (2004). Epidemiology of involuntary placement of mentally ill people across the European Union. British Journal of Psychiatry 184, 163168.Google Scholar
Salize, HJ, Dressing, H (2005). Coercion, involuntary treatment and quality of mental health care: is there any link? Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18, 576584.Google Scholar
Salize, HJ, Rössler, W, Becker, T (2007). Mental health care in Germany: current state and trends. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 257, 92103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sartorius, N, Schulze, H (2005). Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Schnittker, J (2008). An uncertain revolution: why the rise of a genetic model of mental illness has not increased tolerance. Social Science and Medicine 67, 13701381.Google Scholar
Schomerus, G, Angermeyer, MC (2013). Psychiatrie – endlich entstigmatisiert? Einstellungen der Öffentlichkeit zur psychiatrischen Versorgung 1990 bis 2011 [Psychiatry – finally de-stigmatized? Attitudes of the public towards mental health care 1990–2011]. Psychiatrische Praxis 40, 5961.Google Scholar
Schomerus, G, Matschinger, H, Angermeyer, MC (2012). Evolution of public beliefs about mental disorders and attitudes towards the mentally ill over the last decades. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 125, 440452.Google Scholar
Schomerus, G, Matschinger, H, Angermeyer, MC (2013). Do psychiatric units at general hospitals attract less stigmatizing attitudes compared to psychiatric hospitals? Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, 163168.Google Scholar
Statacorp (2011). Stata Statistical Software. Release 12. Stata Press: College Station, TX.Google Scholar
Stuart, H (2012). United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: a roadmap for change. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 25, 365369.Google Scholar
United Nations (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol. United Nations: New York.Google Scholar
WHO European Ministerial Conference on Mental Health (2005). Mental Health Declaration for Europe. WHO Europe: Helsinki.Google Scholar
Xu, J, Long, JS (2005). Confidence intervals for predicted outcomes in regression models for categorical outcomes. Stata Journal 5, 537559.Google Scholar