Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T16:17:14.095Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Waterborne infectious disease in Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
SUMMARY

The incidence of waterborne typhoid fever and other intestinal infections in Britain since 1937 is reviewed. In the light of the current very low incidence of indigenous typhoid fever, it is suggested that the examination of relevant water-works staff and prospective employees for carriage of the agents of potentially waterborne disease should be done selectively by appropriate laboratory tests only when indications for them are revealed by medical assessment.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 81 , Issue 1 , August 1978 , pp. 139 - 149
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, E. S. (1951). Vi phage types Fl and F2 of Salmonella typhi. Journal of Hygiene 49, 458–70.Google Scholar
Anderson, E. S. & Hobbs, B. C. (1973). Studies of the strain of Salmonella typhi responsible for the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak. Israel Journal of Medical Science 9, 162–74.Google ScholarPubMed
Ash, I., McKendrick, G. D. W., Robertson, M. H. & Hughes, H. L. (1964). Outbreak of typhoid fever connected with corned beef. British Medical Journal i, 1474–8.Google Scholar
Bernard, R. P. (1965). The Zermatt typhoid outbreak in 1963. Journal of Hygiene 63, 537–563.Google Scholar
Bernstein, A. (1960). Laboratory investigation of a carrier of multiple phage types of Salmonella paratyphi B. Journal of Hygiene 58, 201–6.Google Scholar
Bokkenheuser, V. (1964). Detection of typhoid carriers. American Journal of Public Health 54, 477–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bokkenheuser, V., Smit, P. & Richardson, R. (1964). A challenge to the validity of the Vi test for the detection of chronic typhoid carriers. American Journal of Public Health 54, 1507–13.Google Scholar
Bradley, W. H. (1949). The control of typhoid fever. Public Health, London, 62, 159–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, W. H., Evans, L. W. & Taylor, I. (1951). A hospital outbreak of typhoid fever. Journal of Hygiene 49, 324–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Brewster, J. H., Donaldson, S. N. & Logue, A. M. (1960). A typhoid outbreak at Ballyreagh, County Londonderry. Medical Officer 103, 133–6.Google Scholar
Brodie, J. (1977 a). Antibodies and the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. I. The Widal reaction. Journal of Hygiene 79, 161–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brodie, J. (1977 b). Antibodies and the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. II. Coombs', complement fixation and fimbrial tests. Journal of Hygiene 79, 181–92.Google Scholar
Chau, P. Y. & Chan, A. C. H. (1976). Modified Vi tests in the screening of typhoid carriers. Journal of Hygiene 77, 97–104.Google Scholar
Conn, N. K., Heymann, C. S., Jamieson, A., McWilliam, J. M. & Scott, T. G. (1972). Waterborne typhoid fever caused by an unusual phage type in Edinburgh. Journal of Hygiene 70, 245–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Couper, W. R. M., Newell, K. W. & Payne, D. J. H. (1956). An outbreak of typhoid fever connected with canned ox-tongue. Lancet, 1, 1057–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craun, G. F. & McCabe, L. J. (1973). Review of the causes of waterborne disease outbreaks. Journal of the American Water Works Association 65, 74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1974). Health Service Catering Manual II: Hygiene in Catering Departments and Food Service Areas. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Forrest, C. R., Matthews, R. N., Robertson, M. J. & Hanley, W. P. (1967). Vi reaction in Hong Kong. British Medical Journal i, 472–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, J. T. A., Wallace, J. G., Morrison, H. R. & Harbourne, J. F. (1972). Para-typhoid in man and cattle. British Medical Journal iii, 208–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, C. A. & Macleod, M. C. (1943). Explosive outbreak of Sonne dysentery. British Medical Journal ii, 259–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. M., Scott, S. S., Mowat, D. A. E., Shearer, E. J. M. & Thomson, J. M. (1968). Waterborne outbreak of viral gastroenteritis and Sonne dysentery. Journal of Hygiene 66, 383–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harbourne, J. F., Randall, C. J., Luerry, K. W. & Wallace, J. G. (1972). Salmonella paratyphi B in dairy cows. Veterinary Record 91, 112–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holden, O. M. (1939). The Croydon typhoid outbreak. Public Health, London 52, 135–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howie, J. W. (1968). Typhoid in Aberdeen. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 31, 171–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, J. M., Merson, M. H., Craun, G. F. & McCabe, L. J. (1975). Outbreaks of water-borne disease in the United States 1973. Journal of Infectious Diseases 132, 336–9.Google Scholar
Hutton, J. (1950). Typhoid fever – a recent outbreak. Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute 70, 194–7.Google Scholar
Jones, D. J., Gell, P. G. H. & Knox, R. (1942). A waterborne outbreak of paratyphoid fever. Lancet ii, 362–3.Google Scholar
Kelman, J. (1944). Waterborne and milk-borne Paratyphoid B. Health Bulletin, Edinburgh 3, 38–40.Google Scholar
Lendon, N. & McKenzie, R. D. (1951). Tracing a typhoid carrier by sewage examination. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 10, 23–27.Google Scholar
Martin, P. H. (1947). Field investigation of paratyphoid fever with typing of Salmonella paratyphi by means of Vi bacteriophage. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 6, 148–51.Google Scholar
Merson, M. H., Barker, W. H. Jnr, Craun, G. F. & McCabe, L. J. (1974). Outbreaks of waterborne disease in the United States 1971–72. Journal of Infectious Diseases 129, 614–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Health (1938). Report on a Public Local Inquiry into an outbreak of Typhoid Fever at Croydon in October and November 1937. Cmd. 5664. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Ministry of Health (1939). (Reprinted in 1964 by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government.) Memorandum on the safeguards to be adopted in day to day administration of Water Undertakings. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Ministry of Housing and Local Government (1967). Safeguards to be adopted in the operation and management of Waterworks. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Moore, W. B. (1950). Typhoid fever with particular reference to the Crowthorne outbreak, 1949. Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute 70, 93–8.Google Scholar
Murchison, M. (1966). Sonne dysentery in a village community. Health Bulletin Edinburgh 24, 44–6.Google Scholar
Murdock, C. R. & Lawson, G. T. N. (1957). The application of modern techniques to the detection of a typhoid carrier. Medical Officer 98, 95–6.Google Scholar
Parry, S. C. (1942). A waterborne and milk-borne outbreak of Paratyphoid B infection in Worcestershire. British Medical Journal iv, 661–4.Google Scholar
Pilsworth, R. (1960). Detection of a carrier of Salmonella typhi by means of sewer swabs. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 19, 201–7.Google Scholar
Ponnampalan, J. T., (1967). The significance of the Vi titre in the detection of typhoid carriers in Malaya. Medical Journal of Malaya 21, 242–6.Google Scholar
Public Health Laboratory Service (1961). The detection of the typhoid carrier state. Journal of Hygiene 59, 231–47.Google Scholar
Rahman, A. F. M. S. & Cowan, M. E. (1974). Widal tests for water workers (letter). British Medical Journal ii, 121.Google Scholar
Ross, A. I. & Gillespie, E. H. (1952). An outbreak of waterborne gastroenteritis and Sonne dysentery. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 11, 36–46.Google Scholar
Savage, W. (1942). Paratyphoid fever: an epidemiological survey. Journal of Hygiene 42, 393–410.Google Scholar
Schubert, J. H., Edwards, P. R. & Ramsey, C. H. (1959). Detection of typhoid carriers by agglutination tests. Journal of Bacteriology 77, 648–54.Google Scholar
Scottish Home and Health Department (1964). The Aberdeen typhoid outbreak. Edinburgh: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Sharp, J. C. M. (1965). Salmonella paratyphi B in a water department employee. Medical Officer 114, 125–7.Google Scholar
Sharp, J. C. M. & Heymann, C. S. (1976). Enteric fever in Scotland 1967–1974. Journal of Hygiene 76, 83–89.Google Scholar
Shaw, W. V. (1937). Report on an outbreak of enteric fever in the County Borough of Bournemouth and the boroughs of Poole and Christchurch. Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects, no. 81. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Sloan, R. S., Wilson, H. D. & Wright, Helen A. (1960). The detection of a carrier of multiple phage types of Salmonella paratyphi B. Journal of Hygiene 58, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, W. S. & MCKenzie, R. D. (1947). An oubreak of Paratyphoid B fever at Wootton, Isle of Wight. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 6, 32–44.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1976). Surveillance of drinking water quality. W.H.O. Monograph Series no. 63.Google Scholar