Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:42:53.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The specificity of cellular immunity*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Non-specific stimulation of mice by a detergent lacking in vitro antibacterial activity, Triton WR 1339, produces a steady state in the course of experimental tuberculosis at about the same level as specific immunization, and does so independently of delayed allergy.

2. This effect is achieved in a much shorter time than is required by the normal immunological processes and the relative duration of enhanced resistance in each case is yet to be worked out.

3. Triton fails to enhance an existing, specifically acquired immunity.

4. There is no evidence so far that the mechanism involved is the same in both instances. If it were found to be the same, then the present concept of a specific cellular immunity would need to be revised.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1964

References

REFERENCES

Affleck, M. N. & Gray, D. F. (1957). Viable and stainable counts on tubercle bacilli in tuberculous tissue. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 75, 519.Google Scholar
Boehme, D. & Dubos, R. J. (1958). Effects of bacterial constituents on resistance of mice to heterologous infection and on activity of their reticulo-endothelial system. J. exp. Med. 107, 523.Google Scholar
Bruton, O. C. (1952). Agammaglobulinaemia. Pediatrics, 9, 722.Google Scholar
Cheers, C. & Gray, D. F. (1964). Chemotherapy and superinfection during the steady state of murine tuberculosis (to be published).Google Scholar
Cooper, G. N. & Stuart, A. E. (1962). Susceptibility of mice to pneumococcal infection after modification of the RES with simple lipids. J. Path. Bact. 83, 227.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. N. & West, D. (1962). Effects of simple lipids on the phagocytic properties of peritoneal macrophages. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 40, 485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornforth, J. W., Hart, P. D'A., Rees, R. J. W. & Stock, J. R. (1951). Antituberculous effect of certain surface active polyoxyethylene ethers in mice. Nature, Lond., 168, 150.Google Scholar
Crowle, A. J. (1963). Tubercle bacillary extracts immunogenic for mice. 5. Specificity of tuberculo-immunity produced by trypsin extracts of tubercle bacilli. Tubercle, Lond., 44, 241.Google Scholar
Dubos, R. J. (1954). Biochemical Determinants of Microbial Diseases. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Edsall, G. (1955). Immunization. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 9, 347.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F. (1958). Immunity, natural allergy and artificial desensitization in experimental tuberculosis. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 78, 235.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F. (1959). Fate of tubercle bacilli in early experimental infection of the mouse. J. Hyg., Camb., 57, 473.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F. (1964). A genetic-instructive theory of immunity. R.E.S., J. R. E. Soc. 1, 97.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F. & Affleck, M. N. (1958). Relationship of allergy to gross lung disease and culturable bacilli in tuberculous mice. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 78, 226.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F., Graham, Smith H. & Noble, J. L. (1960). Variations in natural resistance to tuberculosis. J. Hyg., Camb., 58, 215.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F. & Jennings, P. A. (1955). Allergy in experimental mouse tuberculosis. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 72, 171.Google ScholarPubMed
Gray, D. F. & Mattinson, M. (1952). Detection of small numbers of tubercle bacilli from dispersed cultures using mice, guinea pigs and artificial media. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 65, 572.Google Scholar
Gray, D. F., Noble, J. L. & O'Hara, M. (1961). Allergy in experimental rat tuberculosis. J. Hyg., Camb., 59, 427.Google Scholar
Hart, P. D'A., Long, D. A. & Rees, R. J. W. (1952). Depression of tuberculin sensitivity in guinea pigs by certain antituberculous surface-active agents. Brit. med. J. i, 680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, P. D'A. & Rees, R. J. W. (1960). Effect of macrocyclon in acute and chronic pulmonary tuberculous infection in mice as shown by viable and total bacterial counts. Brit. J. exp. Path. 41, 414.Google ScholarPubMed
Howard, J. G., Rowley, D. & Wardlaw, A. C. (1958). Investigations on the mechanisms of stimulation of non-specific immunity by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Immunol. 1, 181.Google Scholar
Kadull, P. J., Reames, H. R., Coriell, L. L. & Foshay, L. (1950). Studies on Tularemia. V. Immunization of man. J. Immunol. 65, 425.Google Scholar
Kátó, L. & Gözsy, B. (1957). Experiments on the mechanism of action of triton A 20 and 1, 4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 75, 684.Google Scholar
Lurie, M. (1936). On the mechanism of immunity in tuberculosis: the host-parasite relationship under the conditions of a localized agar focus of infection and the generalization of the disease in normal and immune rabbits. J. exp. Med. 64, 923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lurie, M. (1939). Studies on the mechanism of immunity in tuberculosis: the mobilization of mononuclear phagocytes in normal and immunized animals and their relative capacities for division and phagocytosis. J. exp. Med. 69, 579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lurie, M. (1950). Native and acquired resistance to tuberculosis. Amer. J. Med. 9, 591.Google Scholar
Mackaness, G. B. (1954). Artificial cellular immunity against tubercle bacilli. An effect of polyoxyethylene ethers (triton). Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 69, 690.Google ScholarPubMed
Mackaness, G. B. (1962). Cellular resistance to infection. J. exp. Med. 116, 381.Google Scholar
Niffeneger, J. & Youmans, G. P. (1960). The effect of macrocyclon on the multiplication of tubercle bacilli in the lungs and spleen of mice. Brit. J. exp. Path. 41, 403.Google Scholar
Osebold, J. W. & Sawyer, M. T. (1957). Immunization studies on listeriosis in mice. J. Immunol. 78, 262.Google Scholar
Parry, W. R. (1956). An interference phenomenon caused by Pasteurella pestis. J. Hyg., Camb., 54, 227.Google Scholar
Raffel, S. (1948). The components of tubercle bacilli responsible for the delayed type of infectious allergy. J. infect. Dis. 82, 267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raffel, S. (1961). Immunity, 2nd ed., p. 424. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Inc.Google Scholar
Rosen, F. S. (1961). The endotoxins of Gram negative bacteria and host resistance. New Engl. J. Med. 264, 919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowley, D. (1956). Rapidly induced changes in the level of non-specific immunity in laboratory animals. Brit. J. exp. Path. 37, 223.Google Scholar
Rowley, D. (1962). Phagocytosis. In Recent Advances in Immunol. 2, 241. Acad. Press.Google Scholar
Seibert, F. B., Miller, E. E., Buseman, U., Seibert, M. V., Soto-Figueroa, E. & Fry, L. (1956). The significance of antibodies to tuberculoprotein and polysaccharide in resistance to tuberculosis. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 73, 547.Google Scholar
Smith, H. W. (1956). The use of live vaccines in experimental Salm. gallinarum infection in chickens with observations on their interference effect. J. Hyg., Camb., 54, 419.Google Scholar
Solotorovsky, M. & Gregory, F. J. (1952). Antituberculous activity in mice of triton A20, a non-ionic, alkyl-aryl polyether alcohol, used alone and in combination with di-hydrostreptomycin. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 65, 718.Google Scholar
Stuart, A. E., Biozzi, G., Stiffel, C., Halpern, B. N. & Mouton, D. (1960). The stimulation and depression of reticulo-endothelial phagocytic function by simple lipids. Brit. J. exp. Path. 41, 599.Google Scholar
Stuart, A. E. & Cooper, G. N. (1962). Susceptibility of mice to bacterial endotoxin after modification of RE function by simple lipids. J. Path. Bact. 83, 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westphal, O. (1957). Pyrogens. In Conf. on Polysaccharides in Biol. Trans. 2nd (1956), pp. 115200, Princeton ed.; F. Springer, N.Y..Google Scholar
Zitrin, C. M. & Wasz-Hockert, O. (1957). Preliminary experiments on passive transfer of protective humoral antibodies in tuberculosis. Amer. Rev. Tuberc. 76, 256.Google Scholar