The momentous discovery of the part played by Anopheles in the propagation of malaria necessitates careful local inquiries into the prevalence of this genus, in order to ascertain how far the different methods of lessening the amount of malaria which have recently been proposed can be profitably applied to the circumstances met with. In no country are such studies more essential than in India on account of the radical differences in the topographical and climatic conditions of different provinces of this vast and densely populated country, ranging from the waterless deserts of Sind to the steamy, waterlogged marshes of Lower Bengal.