Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T09:50:28.001Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The progression of herpes simplex virus to the central nervous system of the mouse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

Peter Wildy
Peter Wildy
Affiliation:
Department of Virology and Bacteriology, The Medical School, Birmingham 15
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. The strain HFEM of herpes simplex virus is highly virulent for the 5-week-old mouse when inoculated intracerebrally; the LD50 and the ID50 both being close to the egg infectious unit. It is also virulent when given intraspinally.

2. When inoculated peripherally it seldom causes nervous symptoms in the normal mouse but regularly does so if inoculated into skin which has previously been given a subcutaneous injection of 10% sodium chloride.

3. After intradermal inoculation of pretreated mice with strain HFEM, the paralysis is preceded by the appearance of infective virus in the blood, the sciatic nerve and the central nervous system. Invasion of the central nervous system is prevented by interruption of the local peripheral nerve.

4. There is no evidence that virus enters the central nervous system by way of the lymphatics or by direct extension through the tissues.

5. After intravenous inoculation virus does not invade the central nervous system unless (a) massive inocula are used or (b) the brain is traumatized by injecting sterile saline. After peripheral inoculation insufficient virus to infect even traumatized brain seems to circulate in the cerebral vessels. Paralysis and invasion of the central nervous system are not prevented by circulating neutralizing antibody given 18 hours after inoculation.

It therefore appears that invasion of the central nervous system takes place only by way of the peripheral nerve.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 65 , Issue 2 , June 1967 , pp. 173 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1967

References

Andervont, H. B. (1929). Activity of herpetic virus in mice. J. infect. Dis. 44, 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beveridge, W. I. B. & Burnet, F. M. (1946). The cultivation of viruses and rickettsiae in the chick embryo. Spec. Rep. Ser. med. Res. Coun. no. 256.Google Scholar
Bodian, D. (1952). A reconsideration of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. Am. J. Hyg. 55, 414.Google ScholarPubMed
Burnet, F. M. (1950). In Poliomyelitis following inoculations. Br. med. J. i, 1004.Google Scholar
Burnet, Sir F. M. (1955). Principles of Animal Virology. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Burnet, F. M. & Lush, D. (1938). Infection of central nervous system by louping ill virus; investigation by quantitative egg membrane technique. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 16, 233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnet, F. M. & Lush, D. (1939 a). The inactivation of herpes virus by immune sera. Experiments using the chorioallantoic membrane technique. J. Path. Bact. 48, 275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnet, F. M. & Lush, D. (1939 b). Studies in experimental herpes infection in mice using the chorioallantoic technique. J. Path. Bact. 49, 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craigie, J. (1937). Poliomyelitis: virus and experimental infection. Can.publ. Htlh J. 28, 421.Google Scholar
Doerr, R. & Vochting, K. (1920). Sur le virus de l'herpès fébrile. Rev.gén. Ophtal. 34, 409.Google Scholar
Faber, H. K. (1953). The Pathogenesis of Poliomyelitis. Illinois: Thomas Springfield.Google Scholar
Field, E. J. (1953). Pathogenesis of herpetic encephalitis following corneal and masseteric inoculation. J. Path. Bact. 64, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, E. J. & Brierley, J. B. (1948). The lymphatic connexions of the subarachnoid space. Br. med. J. i, 1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, E. J., Grayson, J. & Rogers, A. F. (1949). Circulatory changes in the spinal cord resulting from peripheral stimulation. J. Physiol., Lond. 110, 14P.Google ScholarPubMed
Field, E. J., Grayson, J., Rogers, A. F. (1951). Observations on the blood flow in the spinal cord of the rabbit. J. Physiol., Lond. 114, 56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Florman, A. L. & Trader, F. W. (1947). A comparative study of pathogenicity of four strains of herpes simplex virus. J. Immun. 55, 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodpasture, E. W. & Teague, O. (1923). Transmission of the virus of herpes febrilis along nerves in experimentally infected rabbits, J. med. Res. 44, 139.Google ScholarPubMed
Habel, K. & Li, C. P. (1951). Intraspinal inoculation of mice in experimental poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 76, 357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HorstmannD, M. D, M., McCollum, R. W. & Mascola, A. D. (1954). Viraemia in human poliomyelitis. J. exp. Med. 99, 355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, R. T. (1964 a). The pathogenesis of herpes virus encephalitis. I. Virus pathways to the nervous system of suckling mice demonstrated by fluorescent antibody staining. J. exp. Med. 119, 343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. T. (1964 b). The pathogenesis of herpes virus encephalitis. II. A cellular basis for the development of resistance with age. J. exp. Med. 120, 359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lennette, E. H. & Koprowski, H. (1944). Influence of age on the susceptibility of mice to infection with certain neurotropic viruses. J. Immun. 49, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marinesco, G. & Draganesco, S. (1923). Recherches expérimentales sur le neurotropisme du virus herpétique. Annls Inst. Pasteur, Paris 37, 753.Google Scholar
Martin, J. K. (1950). Local paralysis in children after injections. Archs Dis. Childh. 25, 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCloskey, B. P. (1950). The relation of prophylactic inoculations to the onset of poliomyelitis. Lancet i, 659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melnick, J. L. (1945). Poliomyelitis in the bloodstream in the experimental disease. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 58, 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mims, C. A. (1957). The invasion of the brain by yellow fever virus present in the blood of mice. Br. J. exp. Path. 38, 329.Google ScholarPubMed
Nagler, F. P. O. (1946). A herpes skin test reagent from amniotic fluid. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 24, 103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olitsky, P. & Schlesinger, R. W. (1941). Effect of local edema and inflammation in the skin of the mouse on the progression of herpes virus. Science, N. Y. 93, 574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Platt, H. (1964). The local and generalised forms of experimental herpes simplex infection in the guinea-pig. Br. J. exp. Path. 45, 300.Google Scholar
Rhodes, A. J. (1953). Recent advances in the study of poliomyelitis with particular reference to prevention. Br. med. Bull. 9, 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabin, A. B. (1939). Portal of entry and transmission of poliomyelitis virus. Int. Bull. Econ. med. Res. publ. Hyg. A40, 1.Google Scholar
Sanders, F. K. (1953). Possible multiplication cycles in neurotropic viruses. The nature of virus multiplication. 2nd Symp. Soc. gen. Microbiol. p. 297. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sawyer, W. A. & Lloyd, W. (1931). Use of mice in tests of immunity against yellow fever. J. exp. Med. 54, 533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R., Horstmann, D. M. & Melnick, J. L. (1946). The isolation of poliomyelitis from extraneural sources. IV. Search for virus in the blood of patients. J. clin. Invest. 25, 284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenner, H. A. & Kamitsuka, P. (1957). Primary sites of virus multiplication following intramuscular inoculation of poliomyelitis virus in cynomolgus monkeys. Virology 3, 429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wildy, P. (1954). The growth of herpes simplex virus. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 32, 605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wildy, P. (1955). Recombination with herpes simplex virus. J. gen. Microbiol. 13, 346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, G. Payling, (1953). Nerve trunks as pathways of infection. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 46, 319.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T., Otani, S. & Shiraki, H. (1965). A study of the evolution of viral infection in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis and rabies by means of fluorescent antibody. Acta neuropath. (Berl.) 5, 288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed