Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:44:52.576Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The prevalence and genetics of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in faecal Enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

K. Z. Mamun ,
P. Shears  and
C. A. Hart
K. Z. Mamun
Affiliation:
Tropical Medical Microbiology Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX
P. Shears
Affiliation:
Tropical Medical Microbiology Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX
C. A. Hart
Affiliation:
Tropical Medical Microbiology Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in enteric flora in 64 children in rural Bangladesh over a 12-month period. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates varied throughout the year and multiple resistance was highest during the post monsoon period. Seventythree percent of children had isolates resistant to more than three antibiotics throughout the year. Resistance to streptomycin was highest (78%), followed closely by ampicillin (72%). Of 82 multiply resistant isolates, plasmid DNA was demonstrated in 75%. Plasmid sizes ranged between 3·7 and 110 MDa, the commonest plasmids were of 70, 98 and 110 MDa. Complete or partial resistance was transferred by conjugation from 52% of the isolates, most frequently by single plasmids. The commonest plasmid incompatibility group was F11-A (46%) followed by incompatibility group P (22%). Plasmids of molecular weight 98 MDa most often hybridized with F11-A probes and those of 110 MDa with H11 probes. Plasmids from 10 transconjugants were digested with restriction enzymes and digest patterns demonstrated the presence of common plasmids. The findings show that there is a diverse, and mobile, genetic pool of resistance genes in this rural community. This genetic reservoir is potentially transferable to enteric pathogens, with major implications for public health and diarrhoeal disease control.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 110 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 447 - 458
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

References

REFERENCES

1.Kunin, CM, Johansen, S, Worning, AM. Daschner, FD. Report of a symposium on use and abuse of antibiotics worldwide. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12: 12–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Farrar, EW. Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 1103–6.Google Scholar
3.Mata, LJ. Gangarose, EJ, Perera, DR. Mejicane, MI. Epidemic shiga bacillus dysentery in Central America. I. Etiologic investigations in Guatemala (1969). J Infect Dis 1970; 122: 170–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Gebre-Yohannes, A, Drasar, BS. Plasmid profiles of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated from Ethiopia with special reference to R plasmids. J Med Microbiol 1990; 33: 101–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Taylor, DN. Bodhidatta, L, Brown, JE et al. Introduction and spread of multiresistant Shigella dysenteriae in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 40: 77–85.Google Scholar
6.Vazquez, V. Calderon, E, Rodriquez, RS, Infantil, H. Chloramphenicol resistant strains of Salmonella typhosa. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 1220.Google ScholarPubMed
7.Ashenafi, M, Gedebou, M. Salmonella and shigella in adult diarrhoea in Addis Ababa: prevalence and antibiograms. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1985; 79: 719–21.Google Scholar
8.Goldstein, FW, Chumpitaz, JC, Guevera, JM, Papadopoln, B. Plasmid mediated resistance to multiple antibiotics in Salmonellae typhi. J Infect Dis 1986; 153: 261–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Hassan, SA. Sensitivity of salmonella and shigella to antibiotics in the Sudan. J Trop Med Hyg 1985; 88: 243–8.Google Scholar
10.Kobari, K. Takakura, L, Nakatomi, M. Sogami, S, Uylangco, C. Antibiotic resistant strains of El Tor Vibrio in the Philippines and the use of Furalazine for chemotherapy. Bull WHO 1970; 43: 365–71.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Tabtieng, R, Wattanasri, S, Echeverria, P, et al. An epidemic of Vibrio cholerae El Tor Inaba resistant to several antibiotics with conjugative group C plasmid coding for type II dihydrofolate reductase in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 41: 680–6.Google Scholar
12.Linton, AH. Flow of resistance genes in the environment and from animals to man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 18 (Suppl.): 189–97.Google Scholar
13.Ichinose, Y, Ehara, M, Watanabe, S, et al. The characterisation of V. cholerae isolated in Kenya in 1983. J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 89: 269–76.Google ScholarPubMed
14.Shahid, NS. Rahaman, MM, Haider, K, Bann, H. Rahaman, N. Changing pattern of resistant Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 1985; 152; 1114–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Bennish, M, Eusof, A. Kay, B. Wierzba, T. Multiresistant shigella infections in Bangladesh. Lancet 1985; ii: 441.Google Scholar
16.Khan, MU. Shahidullah, M, Ahmed, W, et al. Changes in the trend of shigellosis in Dhaka: family study on secondary infection, clinical manifestation and sensitivity pattern: 1980. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1984; 78: 151–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Huq, MI. Haider, K. Hussain, A, Sack, DA. Multiple antibiotic resistance of Shigella species in Bangladesh. Saudi Med J 1989; 10: 116–8.Google Scholar
18.WHO Scientific Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrobial resistance. Bull WHO 1983; 61: 383–94.Google Scholar
19.Amyes, SGB. Tait, S, Thomson, CJ, et al. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in aerobic faecal flora in South India. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 29: 415–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Linton, AH. Flow of resistance genes in the environment and from animals to man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 18: (Suppl.): 189–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Montefiore, D, Rotimi, VO, Adeyemi-Doro, FAB. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics among strains isolated from hospital patients in Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 23: 641–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Montgomery, J. West, B. Michael, A, Kadivaion, B. Bacterial resistance in Eastern Highlands Province. Papua New Guinea Med J 1987; 30: 11–9.Google ScholarPubMed
23.Stokes, EJ. Waterworth, PM. Antibiotic sensitivity tests by diffusion methods. Association of Clinical Pathologists broadsheet: 55.Google Scholar
24.Birnboim, HC. Doly, J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 7: 1513–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Sambrook, J, Fritsh, EF, Maniatis, T. Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. 2nd edn. vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 1989; 21–32.Google Scholar
26.Couturier, M, Bex, F. Berguist, PC, Maas, WK. Identification and classification of bacterial plasmids. Microbiol Rev 1988; 52: 375–95.Google Scholar
27.Khan, M. Curlin, GT, Huq, MI. Epidemiology of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in Dhaka urban area. Trop Geogr Med 1979; 31: 213–23.Google Scholar
28.Martin, AR, Mosley, WH, Sen, BB. Ahmed, S, Huq, MI. Epidemiologic analysis of endemic cholera in urban East Pakistan 1964–1966. Am J Epidemiol 1969; 89: 572–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Shears, P. Suliman, G, Hart, CA. Occurrence of Multiple resistance and R plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children in the Sudan. Epidemiol Infect 1988; 100: 73–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Levy, SB, Hedges, RW, Sullivan, F. Medeiros, AA. Multiple antibiotic resistance plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children in Indonesia. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985; 16: 7–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Frost, JA. Rowe, B, Vandepitte, J. Threlfall, EJ. Plasmid characterisation in the investigation of an epidemic caused by multiply resistant Shigella dysenteriae in central Africa. Lancet 1984; ii: 1074–6.Google Scholar
32.Frost, JA, Rowe, B, Vandepitte, J. Acquisition of trimethoprim resistance in epidemic strain of Shigella dysenteriae from Zaire. Lancet 1982; i: 963.Google Scholar
33.Towner, J, Pearson, NJ, Mhalu, FS, O'Grady, F. Resistance to antimicrobial agents of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated during the fourth cholera epidemic in Tanzania. Bull WHO 1980; 58: 747–51.Google Scholar
34.Young, HK, Aymes, SGB. Plasmid trimethoprim resistance in Vibrio cholerae: migration of the type 1 dihydrofolate reductase gene out of the Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 17: 697–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar